Abstract:Since from December 2019，the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） caused by 2019 novel coronavirus（2019-nCoV） has spread rapidly. The World Health Organization（WHO），the CPC Central Committee and the State Council pay highly attention to this major epidemic that threatens people’s life and influences socio-economic development. 2019-nCoV is a kind of novel coronavirus of β genus，which has a long incubation period and strong infectivity. COVID-19 has been defined as class B infectious diseases in China，but measures of class A infectious diseases have been taken to prevent and control. This article focuses on the development of 2019-nCoV and the epidemic situation，and will elaborate on the characteristics of 2019-nCoV，the clinical characteristics of COVID-19，and the relationship between 2019-nCoV and pregnancies, neonates，children and drug treatment.

Abstract:The pathogen was identified as a new type of coronavirus and named as 2019-nCoV. The nucleic acids and encoded viral proteins of 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV are highly homologous，indicating that their biological functions may also be very similar. 2019-nCoV uses the S1 subunit of its spike protein binding to the ACE2 receptor on the surface of the host cell，and uses the host protease to cleave the S protein to promote membrane fusion and then endocytosis. Inhibitors that blocking 2019-nCoV invasion can be divided into neutralizing antibody/receptor inhibitors，protease inhibitors，and endocytosis regulator inhibitors. At present，the under－standing of 2019-nCoV is still very limited. It is believed that with the continuous advancement of research，we can better understand the pathogenic mechanism of the virus and develop more efficient antiviral drugs.

Abstract:Coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） is caused by 2019 novel coronavirus（2019-nCoV）. Because 2019-nCoV is an un－known species in previous，there is little knowledge about it in the early stage of the epidemic situation and is difficult to diagnose and treat. With the advancement of research，a large amount of relevant articles based on the clinical diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 and the trend of epidemic situation have been reported，providing important references to scientific research and clinical workers. In this paper，we have collected the recent articles based on COVID-19，and summarized the pathogenesis of 2019-nCoV，the clinical characteristics，CT manifestations，progress of drug treatment of as well as epidemic prevention and control.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the risk factors of acute respiratory distress syndrome（ARDS） occurrence in patients with coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） in Chongqing，and establish a risk-prediction model for the early diagnosis of ARDS. Methods：Clinical data of 225 laboratory-confirmed cases with COVID-19 admitted to 4 designated hospitals in Chongqing from January 16 to March 30，2020 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the Berlin definition，the patients were divided into ARDS group and non-ARDS group. The differences of initial baseline features，clinical manifestations，laboratory findings，imaging features and prognosis between the two groups were compared. The values were assigned accord－ing to the odds ratios（OR） of each factor to establish the risk-prediction model. The receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve was used to evaluate the predictive effect of the model. Results：Among 225 patients，there were 141 males and 84 fe－males，and the median age was 56 years old. ARDS occurred in 62 cases（27.6%）. In the logistic analysis，4 variables（age≥60 years old，lymphocyte≤1.0×109/L，D-Dimer≥0.5 mg/L，com－plicated with diabetes） were determined as independent risk factors associated with ARDS in COVID-19 patients，and the odds ratios were 5.849（95%CI=2.716-12.593，P=0.000），4.318（95%CI=2.001-9.316，P=0.000），3.049（95%CI=1.300-7.152，P=0.010） and 2.491（95%CI=1.102-5.632，P=0.028） respectively. The area under the ROC curve of the risk-prediction model was 0.848（95%CI=0.794-0.892，P=0.000）. Conclusion：Age≥60 years old，D-dimer≥0.5 mg/L，lymphocyte≤1.0×109/L and complicated with diabetes are independent risk factors to predict ARDS in COVID-19 patients. The risk-prediction model based on the identified inde－pendent risk factors may have a good early warning value for COVID-19 patients complicated with ARDS.

Abstract:Objective：To give the comprehensive evaluation on epidemic status of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） among dif－ferent provinces and classify all provinces into reasonable classes in accordance with the severity. Methods：Systematic clustering method was used to classify the development trend of cumulative confirmed cases，cumulative death cases and cumulative cured cases. Clustering heat maps were used for visual display and analysis. Results：The first class included Hubei. A total of 56 249 con－firmed cases in Hubei were much more than the total of 12 335 cases in other regions. The second class included Henan. Confirmed cases of 1 321 in Henan ranked to the third in the country and the death number was the largest（13 cases） except Hubei. The third class included Jiangxi，Zhejiang，Jiangsu，Shanghai，Sichuan，Anhui，Hunan，and Guangdong. These provinces had a higher confirmed cases but lower mortality compared with the following classes. The fourth class included Shandong，Chongqing，Beijing，Guangxi，Gansu，Tianjin，Heilongjiang，Hainan and Hebei. These provinces had a median confirmed patients，cure rate and mortality. The fifth class included Shanxi，Yunnan，Fujian，Shaanxi，Liaoning，Guizhou and Jilin. These provinces had the a lower confirmed patients and very few death cases（only 3 cases in this class）. The sixth class included Tibet，Taiwan，Qinghai，Ningxia，Macau，Inner Mongolia，Hong Kong and Xinjiang. These provinces had few confirmed cases（less than 71 cases） and only 2 death cases. Conclusion：In summary，areas that need to be closely controlled are Hubei and Henan，where can be regarded as extremely high-endemic areas. Areas that need to be closely monitored are Jiangxi，Zhejiang，Jiangsu，Shanghai，Sichuan，Anhui，Hunan and Guangdong，where can be regarded as high-endemic areas. Tibet，Taiwan，Qinghai，Ningxia，Macau，Inner Mongolia，Hong Kong and Xinjiang are relatively safe and can be regarded as low-endemic areas，while other areas are moderately endemic areas.

Abstract:Objective：To find out the research direction of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） and explore the research ideas. Methods：Relevant literatures of COVID-19 were extracted on PubMed or CNKI Databases，with starting point of November 1，2019. VOSviewer software was used to build the keywords network map of included literatures. Discovered the correlation among different research hot points through the size and complexity of different nodes，so as to constantly look for new research ideas and point out the direction for disease research. Results：COVID-19 was significantly correlated with hot points of severe acute respiratory syn－drome（SARS），Middle East respiratory syndrome（MERS），angiotensin converting enzyme 2（ACE2） and spike protein. Some re－searchers have paid attention to the existence of cytokine release syndrome（CRS） or cytokine storm in critically ill patients. There was a strong correlation between ACE2 and at1 gene and its receptor，mas receptor，ang-（1-7），heart and lung injury，and obesity or diabetes. Spike protein was correlated with T cell surface antigen CD26（dpp4），S1 gene and its protein，furin protease and transmem－brane serine protease 2（TMPRSS2）. Cytokine storm was associated with T cells，B cells and related CD19，CD40 and CD28 receptors. At the same time，CAR-T therapy（chimeric antigen receptor T cell immunotherapy） and interleukin-6（IL-6） were also significantly correlated with cytokine storm. Conclusion：By constructing the COVID-19 research network map，we can understand the research progress in a very short time and find out the further research ideas.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the assessment method of epidemic risk of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）. Methods： Chongqing was taken as study object and five vital influencing factors，including cumulative number of confirmed cases，cumulative new cases in the first 14 days，population density，intensity of population movement，and GDP，were collected. The risk level of 38 dis－tricts in Chongqing on February 17th and 26th were evaluated by using single index evaluation method，analytic hierarchy process （AHP） and hierarchical clustering method. Evaluation results of these three methods were compared. Results：On the whole，evalua－tion results of three methods were basically consistent. For example，Wanzhou District was a particularly high-risk area. On February 17th，there were six low-risk areas. On February 26th，there were 14 low-risk areas. Main urban areas（except Beibei District） were high-risk areas. There were more low-risk areas through AHP method when compared with single index evaluation method. However，results of clustering analysis method were quite different. Conclusion：The single index evaluation method is simple and clear，but on－ly the epidemic index is considered. The AHP method，which is slightly more complex，integrates opinions of experts in various fields and can be used to rank the risk degree of each region. The systematic clustering method emphasizes the similarity of overall feature，but lack of interpretability. In a word，results of three evaluation methods are reasonable. Relatively speaking，results of AHP is more reasonable，which is suggested to be the preferred method for the comprehensive analysis of COVID-19 epidemic risk.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the application and value of lung ultrasound score in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome（ARDS）. Methods：A total of 18 patients with COVID-19 compli－cated with ARDS in a Wuhan hospital were selected. The prospective double-blind cohort study was performed and patients’ clinical data were recorded. Chest computed tomography（CT） and lung ultrasound were performed and CT was regarded as the “golden stan－dard” to evaluate the value of ultrasound in diagnose lung atelectasis/consolidation. Pearson correlation test was used to compare the correlation between lung ultrasound score and oxygenation index and COVID-19 complicated with ARDS. ROC curve was used to evaluate the threshold of lung ultrasound score to predict sensitivity and specificity of COVID-19 complicated with severe ARDS. Results：Among these 18 patients，a total of 38 times chest CT and lung ultrasound were performed and 456 lung regions were exam－ined，among which 185 were lung atelectasis/consolidation via CT，while 166 were atelectasis/consolidation via ultrasound. Sensitivity，specificity，positive predictive value，negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound were 83.9%，95.9%，93.4%，89.7% and 91.0% respectively. The correlation coefficient between lung ultrasound score and oxygenation index was significantly cor－related（r=-0.812）. Taking lung ultrasound score of 20.5 as the threshold value，the area under ROC curve for COVID-19 complicated with ARDS was 0.885，the sensitivity was 76.9% and the specificity was 88.0%. Conclusion：Lung ultrasound is simple to perform and has a relatively high efficiency to COVID-19 complicated with ARDS. Lung ultrasound score can be used in assessing the severity of COVID-19 complicated with ARDS and is worthy of promotion.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the development stages and the current situation of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） in Chi－na，Italy and America，and to provide a forecast and reference for the development trend in each country. Methods：Based on the 2-parameter generalized growth model，the dynamic model of COVID-19 was established，and the cumulative number of infections in China，Italy and America was fitted nonlinearly in each stage. Growth patterns，infection rate and effective reproduction number（Rt） were analyzed. A short-term simulation and prediction analysis were conducted for the cumulative number of infections in China，Italy and the United States. The fitting data for China，Italy and the United States were obtained from the website of National Health Com－mission of PRC and Health Commission of Hubei province，the Italian civil protection department and Johns Hopkins University in the United States，respectively. The statistical data in China is from 11 January to 3 March，Italy and America is from 13 February to 25 April. Results：According to the model，when there is human intervention，the cumulative number of COVID-19 infections shows different growth patterns in different stages. The first stage shows the exponential growth，the second and the third stage show sub-ex－ponential growth，and the fourth stage shows sub-linear growth. China has entered the fourth stage on 19 February（p=-1.902 2，Rt=0.970）. Up to 25 April，Italy is in the third stage（p=0.010 0，Rt=1.001） and America is still in the second stage（p=0.500 5，Rt=1.065）. Predictive analysis shows that the actual number of infections in the second stage in China is significantly lower than the pre－dicted number of infections，and the cumulative number of infections in Italy and America on 10 May will be 242 582 and 1 556 286，respectively. Conclusion：Up to 25 April，the epidemic in China has been basically contained and that in Italy has been slowed down，but there is still a risk of spread. The epidemic situation in the United States is in a sustained upward stage，and there will be no significant fall in a short term. The second stage in the United States will continue for a long time.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of 90 cases of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） in Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University，and to provide an evidence for COVID-19 to formulate and implement targeted prevention and control measures. Methods：Ninety cases of COVID-19 confirmed patients admitted to a designated hospital in Chongqing were taken as the research object from January 21st to February 20th，2020 and the epidemiological and clinical data were collected. The population distribution，regional distribution and time distribution of the cases were collected. And clinical characteristics. Results：The first case was diagnosed in western Chongqing since January 21. As of February 20，there were cases in eight districts and counties in western Chongqing，with a total of 90 patients. The peak onset occurred on day 2-1，with a maximum of 9 cases per day，and then gradually decreased. 36.67%（33/90） of the cases have a history of living and traveling in the epidemic area；63.33%（57/90） have close contact with people who have been to the epidemic area，and there is a cluster of cases. The male-to-female ratio was 1.37∶1； the minimum age was 3 years old and the maximum age was 89 years old. The average age was （48.15±17.63） years old，and the age was concentrated between 40 and 50 years. Critical and severe cases accounted for 13.33%（12/90），ordinary and light cases accounted for 86.67%（78/90）；there were no deaths. Conclusion：The COVID-19 population is generally susceptible；the number of cases is concentrated in 40-50 years old，mainly light and ordinary.The prevention and control measures in the western Chongqing area are in place，and the COVID-19 epidemic has entered a low-level epidemic situation. With the resumption of work，resumption of production，and resumption of schooling，population movements and clusters may increase. It is recommended that continuous ef－fective prevention and control，precise prevention and control be implemented，and the epidemic situation rebound.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate and analyze the knowledge comprehension，attitude，and prevention and control behavior of parents having children under 18 years old during coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） pandemic period，so as to make scientific and tar－geted health education strategies for medical personnel to better understand needs of children’s parents. Methods：The snowball sam－pling method and the self-designed questionnaire were used to collect parents’ opinion having children under 18 years old，and a total of 1 020 questionnaires were filled through the Internet. Results：Among all patients，73.2% comprehended COVID-19 and relat－ed knowledge，47.1% had a positive attitude towards the prevention and control of COVID-19，and 87.5% had a good behavior in preventing and controlling COVID-19. The comprehension rate of prevention to new children-related coronavirus infection was about 50%；36% children had adverse emotions such as emotional instability，loneliness，and anxiety；67.5% children’s parents had adverse emotions such as emotional instability and anxiety. Results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between scores of knowledge comprehension，attitude，and prevention and control behaviors. Results of univariate analysis showed that only occupation of children’s parents had an influence on their knowledge，attitude and behavior（P<0.05）. Conclusion：Medical per－sonnel can popularize the prevention knowledge of COVID-19 related to children through various channels，focusing on the psycho－logical problems of children and parents，and providing targeted guidance.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the prevention measures，knowledge on coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） and psychological condition among patients with suspected infection. Methods：Questionnaires about coronavirus prevention measures and knowledge，and symptom self-assessment scale（SCL-90） were used to investigate 65 patients with suspected infection in the isolation ward of West China Hospital，Sichuan University. Results：The score of protective measures was （37.89±6.16），among which higher-score items included：covering nose and mouth when coughing and sneezing（4.58±0.81） and avoiding contact with patients with respiratory diseases（4.57±0.92）；low-score items included：using disinfectants containing alcohol or chlorine to disinfect exposed parts of body and clothes（3.78±0.27），and opening window for ventilation and wiping housewares by using alcohol or chlorine disinfectant（3.85±1.22）. Overall score of knowledge was （15.72±2.82），among which high-score items included：viruses can be transmitted by respiratory droplets（1.00） and the most effective means of prevention and control is early discovery and early isolation（1.00）；low-score items included：mother-to-child transmission（0.29±0.46），blood transmission（0.20±0.40） and infectious disease classifi－cation（0.35±0.48）. Results of SCL-90 scale showed that 15 patients had somatization symptoms（23.1%），19 patients had obsessive-compulsive disorder（29.2%），and 15 patients had interpersonal sensitivity（23.1%）. Scores of somatization，anxiety，fear，neuropathy and sleep disorders were higher than those of domestic norm（P<0.05）. Conclusion：Patients with suspected infection have somatization，anxiety，fear and sleep disorder，therefore，the medical staff should timely take measures for symptoms. In addition，the medical staff should explain protection measures and knowledge for suspected infected person，and promote teaching and announce－ment on right disinfecting ways after going out and transmission ways of COVID-19.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the knowledge comprehension，the adopted measures and mental state regarding 2019 novel coronavirus（2019-nCoV） in patients with old myocardial infarction. Methods：Patients with previous diagnosis of myocardial infarction were follow-up by telephone questionnaire survey based on previously established follow-up system. Results：A total of 610 eligible mobile phone users participated in the survey，46.4% with hypertension. Urban residents was able to acquire more news about 2019-nCoV than rural residents（58.4% vs. 41.6%，P=0.647）；there was no statistical difference in gender（98.7% vs. 99.1%，P=0.647）. Of 40.2% rural residents were not aware of virus transmission routes，which was higher than urban residents of 31.7%（P=0.032）. The protection measure in rural residents was significant lower in urban residents：wearing masks（75.2% vs. 89.9%，P<0.001），avoiding gathering（58.3% vs. 68.3%，P=0.011） and hand hygiene（55.9% vs. 64.3%，P=0.036）. Females without self-protection mea－sures were more when compared with male（14.2% vs. 5.7%，P=0.001） and wearing masks rate in female was less than male（76.1% vs. 86.6%，P=0.002）. All interviewees were in stable state and 94.9% of them were full of confidence about controlling the epidemic. Females be aware of virus transmission route and protective measures in rural areas were weaker than those in urban areas（P<0.05）. Conclusion：The 2019-nCoV susceptible population of old myocardial infarction patients has a high awareness rate of the infection disease and has taken some self-protection measures，however，the knowledge and self-protection are relatively weak among rural res－idents and the female，which should be paid more attention im－prove this situation and residents are confident to conquer the virus.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the spatial distribution characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） in Guangdong Province，and to investigate the effect of social factors on the epidemic degree based on geographic information system. Methods：Re－ported case information of COVID-19 in Guangdong Province from January 19 to February 18，2020 was collected. The migration of epidemic gravity center and the spatial autocorrelation of COVID-19 were explored. Data on four social factors were collected： population density，GDP per capita，population migration index and city travel intensity during the same period. Then，the influence of social fac－tors on the prevalence of COVID-19 was explored by geographically weighted regression model. Results：Up to February 18，a total of 1，331 confirmed cases were reported in Guangdong Province and the epidemic gravity center of COVID-19 was always migrating in the Pearl River Delta region. Since February 2，the COVID-19 showed obvious spatial aggregation. A positive correlation was observed between the epidemic of COVID-19 relationship and social factors. Conclusion：Although spatial clusters of COVID-19 in Guangdong still exist，high-incidence areas are few and are limited to the Pearl River Delta. In addition，three social factors including GDP per capita，population inflow index and city travel have a greater impact on the prevalence of COVID-19 in Pearl River Delta region.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the clinical characteristics and risk factors for death of COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods：The study included in 68 patients with COVID-19 and diabetes who were confirmed to be hospitalized in Wuhan Central Hospital on December 30，2019 to March 1，2020. In addition，126 COVID-19 patients without diabetes who were hospitalized at the same time were included in the study. General data and laboratory indicators were collected. End point events were defined as：by March 20，2020，the patient died during hospitalization or was cured and discharged from the hospital. Results：①In the control group，age，critical illness ratio，ratio of other complications，treatment time，heart rate，and proportion of double lung involvement and con－current other microbial infections were less than those in the diabetes group，with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）. ② Blood glucose，white blood cell count，platelet count，d-dimer and aspartate aminotransferase（AST） in the control group were lower than those in the diabetes group，with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）. ③There were statistically significant differences between the control group and the diabetes group in the treatment of systemic glucocorticoid，the treatment of pedestrian immunoglobulin，the treatment of thymosin and the outcome of the disease（P<0.05）. ④Age（OR=3.241，95%CI=2.056-6.342，P=0.017），albumin（OR=11.991，95%CI=6.863-16.556，P=0.046），and glycosylated hemoglobin（OR=2.086，95%CI=1.106-27.233，P=0.007） were independent risk factors for death in COVID-19 patients with diabetes. Conclusion：COVID-19 patients with diabetes are often elderly，in a critical condition，with long treatment time and severe involvement in both lungs. In addition，the elderly with low albumin and high glycosylated hemoglobin are prone to death of COVID-19 patients with diabetes.

Abstract:Objective：To explore and analyze the clinical characteristics and maternal-neonatal outcome of perinatal coronavirus dis－ease 2019（COVID-19）. Methods：Clinical data of eight pregnant women who were confirmed with COVID-19 in our hospital from 19th January to 9th February，2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Outcomes were followed up until March 6，2020. General characteristics，clinical features，and maternal and neonatal outcomes were analyzed. Results：①The average age of eight patients was （31.50±2.67） years old，including six multiparas and two primiparas. Six patients experienced onset of illness in late pregnancy，while two in puer－perium. ②Eight patients were in mild situation，with moderate-low temperature（6/8），cough，expectoration（4/8），chest tightness，dizzi－ness，myalgia，and vomiting（1/8）；decreased percentage of lymphocytes（6/8），decreased lymphocytes（3/8） and elevated aminotrans－ferase concentrations（2/8）；positive lung CT（7/8）. ③The range of gestational weeks of delivery was 36+5 to 40+6 weeks. Seven patients had a cesarean section and one had a vaginal delivery. Eight livebirths were recorded. No neonatal asphyxia was observed in newborns. The 36h nasopharyngeal swab in one newborn showed positive COVID-19. Conclusion：Most of patients with perinatal COVID-19 are mild or normal，and short-term maternal and neonatal outcomes are good. Other clinical manifestations are not typical，similar to the non-pregnant. It remains unclear whether COVID-19 can transmit vertically through placenta and consequently lead to short-term or long-term harm to neonates，and data need to be further accumulated.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the severe coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） influencing factors and provide evidence for indi－vidualized treatment of COVID-19 patients. Methods：The med－ical records of 200 cured and discharged COVID-19 patients in Vulcan Mountain Hospital were retrospectively analyzed，and they were divided into two groups according to clinical classi－fications：non-severe（light/normal） and severe（severe/critical）. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate potential risk factors for severe COVID-19. Results：The proportion of the 200 COVID-19 patients with non-severe and severe diseases was 57.0% and 43.0%，respectively. There were significant differences in age（t=4.593，P＜0.001），pulse rate（t=2.134，P=0.034），hypertension（χ2=23.933，P＜0.001），diabetes（χ2=5.141，P=0.023），coronary heart dis－ease（χ2=5.879，P=0.015），albumin（t=3.073，P=0.002），ratio of albumin to globulin（t=2.127，P=0.035），and urea nitrogen（t=2.064，P=0.041）. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that age（OR=1.040，95%CI=1.012-1.069，P=0.040），pulse rate（OR=1.029，95%CI=1.000-1.006，P=0.051） and hypertension（OR=4.378，95%CI=2.033-9.429，P＜0.001） were independent risk factors of severe COVID-19. Conclusion：We should give timely targeted intervention to the elderly patients with basic diseases，especially hypertension，so as to reduce the potential risk of severe COVID-19.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the relationship between early laboratory indexes and clinical manifestations and radiographic characteristics in coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）. Methods：In this retrospective study，30 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Second Xiangya Hospital（Changsha） from January 24th to February 9th，2020 were enrolled，viral loads in throat swabs of the patients and their correlation with clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics were analyzed. Results：On admission，4 out of 30 COVID-19 patients（13.33%） had no clinical symptoms，23 patients（76.67%） had fever. Imaging findings were observed in 20 patients（66.67%），while no obvious abnormalities were observed in 10 patients（33.33%）. Ct value of viral nucleic acid in throat swabs of asymptomatic COVID-19 patientswas basically the same as in those patients with clinical symptoms. Compared with patients with no abnormality in imaging，patients with imaging manifestation of pneumonia had significantly increased Ct value（P=0.001） of viral nucleic acid and body temperature（P=0.014）. After adjusted for gender and age by logistic regression model，Ct value of viral nucleic acid in throat swabs was positively correlated with the imaging characteristics of pneumonia（OR=1.34，95%CI=1.07-1.66，P=0.009）. Conclusion：Asymptomatic COVID-19 patients had a similar level of viral load of throat swabs as symptomatic COVID-19 patients at an early stage. The viral load of throat swabs was negatively correlated with pulmonary imaging characteristics at an early stage of COVID-19 patients.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the clinical characteristics of severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） confirmed patients，and provide clinical evidences for early identification and intervention. Methods：The clinical data of discharged patients with confirmed COVID-19 at Wuhan Red Cross Hospital from January 24 to March 10，2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the severity of the disease，they were divided into the general group，and the severe or critical group. The demographic characteris－tics，clinical characteristics，treatments，and outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results：A total of 94 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were selected，including 46 males and 48 females，with a median age of 54 years old. There were 25 patients in severe or critical group and 69 patients in general group. Totally，there were 56 cured，32 improved and 6 dead patients. Hypertension，diabetes，and coronary heart disease were the most common co－morbidities；cough，fever，and fatigue were the main clinical manifestations and ground-glass was the feature of imaging ex－amination in both groups. Compared with general patients，severe and critical patients had the following characteristics：they were older and had much more frequencies in fever，dry cough and dyspnea；they had lower lymphocyte count[（0.80±0.11）×109/L vs. （1.34±0.10）×109/L，P<0.001] and ratio[（15.510±1.913）% vs. （25.590±1.503）%，P<0.001]，albumin[33.85（28.28-38.33） g/L vs. 38.70（36.03-41.43） g/L，P=0.003]，higher neutrophil ratio[74.70（64.65-88.40）% vs. 62.25（53.53-72.60）%，P=0.002] and C-reac－tive protein[65.15（11.23-123.49） mg/L vs. 4.51（1.54-15.39） mg/L，P<0.001] level. Moreover，the majority severe and critical patients showed bilateral pneumonia according to imaging examination. In terms of treatment，severe and critical patients had higher rates of using 3 or more antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs，however，the cure rate was lower with higher mortality rate. Furthermore，the proportion of using traditional Chinese medicine in cured patients was higher than that of dead patients[23（41.07） vs. 1（16.67），P=0.082]. Conclusion：Compared to the general COVID-19 patients，severe and critical COVID-19 patients had higher mortality，were older with bilateral pneumonia，and had more frequencies of fever，dry cough，and dyspnea. Blood laboratory tests had shown lower level of albumin and absolute counts and ratio of lymphocytes. On the contrary，CRP and blood neutrophil ratio were higher. Up to now，there have had no promising therapy to treat COVID-19，the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine needs to be fur－ther confirmed by larger sample design and rigorous clinical studies.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the differences in clinical data of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） patients with different nutritional risks and the correlation between nutrition and clinical classifications through nutritional risk screening 2002（NRS２００２）. Methods：A total of 241 patients admitted to Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital from January 24th，2020 to February 29th，2020 were included in this research. Clinical classifications were defined according to the sixth edition of the “diagnosis and treatment plan of novel coronavirus pneumonia” promulgate by the National Health Commission of China，and all patients were divided into the nutritional risk group（NRS２００２ score≥3） and the non-nutritional risk group（NRS２００２ score<3）. The difference of age，gender，basic diseases，laboratory indexes and clinical classifications were compared in these groups. The correlation between the NRS２００２ score and clinical classifications were analyzed. The risk factors of clinical classifications were analyzed by multiple ordinal logistic regression. Results：The patients in the nutritional risk group were older（P=0.000），and there were more patients with COPD（P=0.023） and diabetes（P=0.000） in this group. However，the oxygen partial pressure（P=0.038），lymphocyte counts（P=0.000）and serum albumin（P=0.000） were lower than those of the non-nutritional risk group. The correlation analysis between NRS２００２ scores and clinical classifications suggested a positive correlation between them（r=0.635）. NRS２００２ score was an independent risk factor of clinical classifications（OR=6.841，P=0.000）. Conclusion：Nutrional risk score is an independent predictor of the clinical classifications of COVID-19 patients. NRS２００２ can be used in the evaluation and screening of COVID-19 patients，and it can be used to guide in-hospital triage and nutritional therapy simply and rapidly.

Abstract:Objective：To retrospectively analyze the clinical data and laboratory data of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） and suspected patients in Jiangbei District of Chongqing，so as to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods：From January 24 to March 21 in 2020，data of 21 COVID-19 patients with positive nucleic acid and 21 suspected patients with highly doubtable CT and nucleic acid who were diagnosed in our hospital were collected. The ba－sic information，epidemiology，clinical features，laboratory results，CT results and post-discharge follow up in different groups were ret－rospectively analyzed. Results：Among the 42 patients，9 patients（9/42，21.4%） came back from Hubei province，19 patients（19/42，45.2%） had history of diagnosed patients 14（14/42，33.3%） had no history of communicable disease，with significant difference between two groups（P<0.001）. The median age was（44.48±16.49） years old; the ratio of males was 59.5% and of females was 40.5%. Common symptoms at onset were fever，cough and fatigue，but 5 patients had no clinical symptoms. Compared with the suspected diagnosed group，white blood cell count（WBC），neutrophil count（NEU），lymphocyte count（LYM），lymphocyte percentage（LYM%） and neu－trophil percentage（NEU%） were decreased significantly in the diagnosed group. 19.0% COVID-19 patients had a lower Patients with decreased WBC<3.5×109/L ratio in the diagnosed group were higher than those in the suspected group（19.0%） and pa－tients with NEU≥6.3×109/L ratio in the suspected group were higher than those in the diagnosed group（33.3%），with signifi－cant difference（P<0.05）. Among 42 patients，41 patients had CT changes（97.62%）. During the follow up，3 diagnosed patients were rechecked for nucleic acid-positive，which was not happened a－mong suspected patients；2 diagnosed patients had chest pain；CT of 26 patients（61.9%） suggested that lung lesions were basically ab－sorbed，without statistically significant differences between two groups. Conclusion：There are significant differences in epidemiological history between two groups. Therefore，we should detect the nucleic acid，serum IgM-Ab/IgG-Ab and chest CT of patients who has epidemic history or suspected contact history as soon as possible. Clinical symptoms of the COIVD-19 patient have no specificity，to some extent，some asymptomatic patients exist. Compared with suspected patients，the descended data level of WBC，LYM，LYM%，NEU% and NEU can be taken as diagnosed evidence According to the post-discharge follow-up，it is found that some COVID-19 patients are rechecked for nucleic acid-positive and have chest pain，suggesting that confirmed and suspected patients should recheck for nucleic acid，so as to strengthen the prevention and treatment of possible sequela.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the clinical characteristics，treatment and prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）. Methods：Totally of 51 patients with severe and critical COVID-19 in Chongqing Three Gorges Center Hospital from January 21，2020 to February 25，2020 were included. Cases were analyzed retrospectively for demographic，clinical manifestations，laboratory in－dexes，imaging data，comorbidity，treatment and prognosis. Results：Patients were divided into severe group（n=35，68.6%） and critical group（n=16，31.4%） according to the guideline for diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus infected pneumonia. The most com－mon symptoms at onset of illness were fever，cough，expectoration，dyspnea and fatigue. The rate of respiratory was faster in critical group than in severe group（P=0.027）. The ratio of neutrophils was significantly higher in critical group than in severe group（P=0.012）. The serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase was significantly higher in critical group than in severe group（P=0.028）. The serum D-dimer levels were significantly higher in critical group than in severe group（P=0.013）. The serum procalcitonin concentration was significantly higher in critical group than in severe group（P=0.013）. The serum levels of albumin was significantly lower in critical group than in severe group（P=0.004）. The oxygenation index（PO2/FiO2） was lower in critical group than in severe group（P=0.040）. The percentage of complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome（ARDS），acute respiratory failure，sepsis，shock and acute heart failure occoured in critical group were higher than in severe group（P=0.006，0.000，0.004，0.012，0.027，respectively）. The per－centage of treatment such as ribavirin，hemofiltration，noninvasive mechanical ventilation，invasive mechanical ventilation and prone position ventilation accepted were higher in the critical group than in the severe group（P=0.008，0.012，0.001，0.000，0.027，respec－tively）. The 51 COVID-19 patients，24 cases（47.1%） were cured and discharged，17 cases（33.3%） were hospitalized，6 cases（11.8%） were transferred to the mild pneumonia area due to the improvement of their condition，and 4 cases（7.8%） died. Conclusion：Elderly patients and those with chronic medical illness may be more likely to develop into severe and critical COVID-19. The laboratory indexes are more abnormal in critical group than those in severe group. The critical COVID-19 patients are more likely have ARDS than se－vere COVID-19. The mortality of critical COVID-19 is higher than that of severe COVID-19.

Abstract:Objective：To summarize the clinical experience，characteristics and progression of severe coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）. Methods：The epidemiological data，disease characteristics，treatment，clinical indexes，biochemical indexes and imaging characteristics of 13 patients with severe COVID-19 were retrospectively analyzed. Results：In severe COVID-19 patients，the lym－phocyte（LYM） count was significantly decreased in the early stage and further decreased in the advanced stage，while was increased in the remission period，but did not completely return to the normal value，with statistical differences in each period（F=15.396，P=0.000）. C-reactive protein（CRP） and inter－leukin-6（IL-6） were increased in the early stage，began to de－crease in the progression stage，and significantly decreased in the remission stage，with statistical differences between the re－mission stage and the early stage and the progression stage（CRP：F=5.366，P=0.009；IL-6：F=5.367，P=0.009）. Lactate dehydrogenase（LDH） and myoglobin（Mb） were significantly increased in the early stage，slightly decreased in the progressive stage and signifi－cantly decreased in the remission stage. LDH was statistically different in each stage（F=10.464，P=0.000），but Mb was only signifi－cantly different in the remission stage and early stage（F=4.303，P=0.021）. Creatine kinase（CK） was increased in the early stage，and decreased significantly in the advanced stage，and continued to decline in the remission stage，with statistical differences between the early stage and the advanced stage and the remission stage（F=3.782，P=0.032）. Albumin（ALB） was decreased in the early stage，and decreased obviously in the advanced stage，with a statistical difference between the early stage and the remission stage（F=5.264，P=0.010）. Oxygen index（OI） decreased in the early stage，and further decreased in the advanced stage，which was significantly different from the early stage and the remission stage（F=59.334，P=0.000）. Imaging features in the early stage，there were patches or flakes of ground glass shadow，thickening of bronchovascular bundle was able to be seen，partially thickening and consolidation of interlobular septum，which was mainly distributed under pleura. In the progressive stage：there are both patchy ground glass shadow and con－solidation，mainly mixed density，and consolidation range was increased. Thickening of interlobular septum and bronchiectasis was able to be seen，partially fibrofocus；the development trend of lesions was from peripheral to central and a few patients had complications of a small amount of pleural effusion. Few patients had problems that new lesions appeared after the absorption or decrease of early lesions. In the remission stage：the scope，number and density of lesions were reduced and the remaining were solid and fibrous foci. Conclusion：The most common abnormal biochemical indicators in patients with severe COVID-19 are decreased OI，decreased hypo-albuminemia，decreased LYM count，and elevated CRP，IL-6，LDH，CK and Mb. CRP，IL-6，LDH，CK and Mb are increased significantly at an early stage，and are sensitive to response. Instead of continuing to increase during the progression phase，they are declined，suggesting that early glucocorticoid and intervention therapy are effective. Although respiratory failure has not been corrected，the inflammation index has begun to decline，and the disease may develop for the better. In the remission period，the above indicators continues to decline，and the disease is improved. While the ALB and LYM counts continues to decline until the progression period，after the correction of respiratory failure，the recovery is slow，and the response is delayed. CT images of the chest have relatively distinctive manifes－tations，with main characteristics of exudation and ground glass lesions in the early period，and further increase and consolidation of exudation in the progressive stage. Few lesions have the phenomenon of ebb and flow，and the absorption of lesions in the remission stage is reduced，and fibrosis is formed.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the difference between the imported and local secondary cases of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）. Methods：A total of 129 confirmed COVID-19 cases with a clear epidemiological history admitted to hospitals in Nanyang from January 24 to February 26，2020 were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into the imported group（n=70） and the local secondary group（n=59） according to the travel history to or a residence history in Wuhan or in the surrounding areas in Hubei Province within 14 days before the illness. The differences of the epidemiological，clinical，laboratory and imaging characteristics and prognosis in two groups were compared. Results：The early diagnosed cases were mainly imported cases，and the later diagnosed ones were mainly local secondary cases. The most common first symptom in the two groups was fever：the imported case group was mainly the moderate fever，and the local secondary case group was mainly the low fever throughout the course. Upper respiratory symptoms，such as nasal congestion，runny nose，dry throat，and sore throat，were more common in the local secondary group，whereas wheezing symptoms were more common in the imported group. The lymphonpenia in the imported case group was significantly lower than that in the local secondary case group. Procalcitonin（PCT） in the imported group was significantly higher than those in the local secondary group. Chest CT in the imported case group showed more advanced and severe period performance when admitted to hospital，and the local secondary case group showed more early performance. Progressive and severe symptoms in the imported case group was signifi－cantly higher than those in the local secondary case group. The proportion of severe and critical severe patients in the imported case group was significantly higher than that in the local secondary case group. Three deaths （all males） were noted in the imported case group，whereas no death was recorded in the local group. Conclusion：There are differences in clinical symptoms，laboratory examina－tions and chest CT performance between imported and local secondary cases. The imported case group has more severe or critical severe patients，with a higher mortality.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）. Methods：The clinical data of 24 patients with COVID-19 were analyzed retrospectively. Results：Among the 24 patients，14 were male and 10 were female，and 22 had a history of living in Wuhan，accounting for 91.7%；fever and cough were the main clinical manifestations，accompanied by in－fluenza-like symptoms such as headache，fatigue，and muscle soreness. All patients were cured or improved by comprehensive treatment including supportive treatment，antiviral，oxygen therapy and glucocorticoid. The time of nucleic acid turning negative was （20.41±7.12） days. Conclusion：Combined with the epidemiological history，fever，CT pneumonia manifestation and the normal or decrease of leukocyte and lymphocyte count can be used as the clinical basis for diagnosing of the disease. The decrease of T lymphocyte count has a certain correlation with patients’ condition and prognosis. The cure rate is high，but the patient has a long duration of viral shedding，therefore，the isolation time must be prolonged.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the change law and the clinical significance of various inflammatory markers in COIVD-19 pa－tients with different clinical types. Methods：A total of 110 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who were hospitalized in the Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine from January 28 to March 3，2020 were collected as study objects and were divided into three groups of the ordinary group，the severe group and the critically ill group according to the diagnostic criteria from Diagnostic and Therapeutic Protocols for COVID-19（The trial 7）. General data，serum albumin（ALB），C-reactive protein （CRP），procalcitonin（PCT） and cytokines interleukin-1β（IL-1β），interleukin-6（IL-6），interleukin-8（IL-8），interleukin-10（IL-10），CD4+ T lymphocyte count（CD4+ T） and CD8+ T lymphocyte count（CD8+ T） in each group were retrospectively analyzed and com－pared. The expression data of inflammatory indicators in each group was not consistent with the normal distribution as the median（quartile）. Kruskal-wallis rank sum test was used for detecting data differences among three groups，and Mann-Whitney U test was used for the pairwise comparison between the groups. The re－ceiver operator characteristic curve（ROC curve） was used for the diagnostic value of inflammatory indicators with statistical significance，and the best diagnostic inflammatory index was se－lected according to the area under the curve（AUC）. Results：Levels of serum IL-6，IL-10，CRP and PCT were the highest in the critically ill group，following the severe group and the ordi－nary group；levels of ALB，CD4+ T，CD8+ T were the highest in the ordinary group，following the severe group and the critically ill group，with statistically significant differences（P<0.001）. Levels of serum IL-1β and IL-8 did not change significantly in each clini－cal group and P values were 0.388 and 0.128，without statistical significance（P>0.05）. AUC of serum IL-6 and CRP/ALB was 0.931，the sensitivity was 0.885，and the specificity was 0.825. Conclusion：Real-time detection of various serum inflammatory markers combined with T lymphocyte subsets can contribute to judging the prognosis of patients with COVID-19，which can be regarded as a vital reference to evaluate effectiveness，e severity and prognosis. The combined detection of serum IL-6 and CRP/ALB will greatly improve the accuracy of predicting the severity of COVID-19.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the clinical manifestationsand laboratory detection characteristics of 215 patients with coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） treated in Jiangxi Province and to provide evidence for the management of COVID-19 cases in these types. Methods：This study enrolled 215 patients with COVID-19 who were treated in The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 26 to February 24，2020. The clinical data of patients after admission were collected and laboratory tests such as blood routine，C-reactive protein（CRP），liver function profile（alanine aminotransferase-ALT，aspartate transaminase-AST，total bilirubin-Tbil，direct bilirubin-Dbil，total protein-TP，albumin-ALB），kidney function profile（creatinine-Cr，Urea，uric acid-UA），alkaline phosphatase（AKP），γ-glutamy transpeptidase（γ-GT） and myocardial enzymes（lactate dehydrogenase-LDH，creatine kinase-CK） were reviewed. The data of common and severe/critical patients were compared. Results：There were 165 cases of common patients（95 males and 70 females）；50 cases of severe/critical patients（36 males and 14 females）. The median age of common patients was 43 years old and 21.21% had comorbidities. The median age of severe/critical patients was 52 years old and 66% had comorbidities. The total number of white blood cells，the percentage of neutrophils，and the mean CRP in severe/critical patients were higher than those of common patients；the average values of lymphocyte percentage，red blood cells and hemoglobin in severe/critical patients were lower than those of common patients. There was no significant difference in liver function profile between severe/critical patients and common patients. The mean value of protein detection（TP 65.23 g/L；ALB 32.1 g/L） in severe/critical patients was significantly lower than thatin common patients（TP 71.53 g/L；ALB 45.3 g/L）；renal function profile test indicators（Cr 126.5 μmol/L；Urea 6.38 mmol/L；UA 302.5 μmol/L） and γ-GT（79.6 U/L） in severe/critical patients were higher than the corresponding index in common patients（Cr 55.75 μmol/L；Urea 4.46 mmol/L；UA 260.2 μmol/L；γ-GT 58.5 U/L）. Myocardial enzymes were not abnormal in COVID-19 patients. Conclusions：Severe/critical patients with COVID-19 in Jiangxi province had more medical comorbidities and more severe systemic inflammatory response than common patients.In ad－dition，oxygen carrying capacity，nutritional status，and renal function of the severe/critical patients were significantly worse than those of common patients.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the relationship between laboratory examination indexes and disease severity of coronavirus dis－ease 2019（COVID-19），and to find out the risk factors for the severe pneumonia. Methods：Eighty-one cases of COVID-19 admitted to the isolation ward of the third people’s Hospital in Ezhou City，Hubei Province，including 49 common cases and 32 severe cases were collected and analyzed statistically in terms of age，gender，chronic basic diseases，and clinical laboratory examination indexes of the two groups and the receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of the examination in－dexes. Results：Among the 81 cases，the age of the common group was （49.86±13.79） years old，that the age of the severe group was （62.84±13.26） years old，and the age of severe group was older than that of common group（P<0.05）. Patients complicated with higher values of chronic basic diseases，white blood cell count（WBC），neutrophil count（NEU），NEU percentage，C-reactive protein（CRP），total bilirubin（TBIL），creatine kinase（CK），and lactate dehydrogenase（LDH） were more likely to develop severe pneumonia（P<0.05）. At the same time，the lower the lymphocyte count（LYM），LYM percentage and albumin values of COVID-19 patients were al－so prone to severe patients（P<0.05）. After anti-infection and anti-virus treatment，the above indexes gradually returned to normal. To predict the risk of severe COVID-19 patients，the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve（AUC） of age，WBC，NEU，NEU%，LYM，LYM%，ALB，CRP and LDH were 0.757，0.711，0.783，0.904，0.850，0.921，0.754，0.848 and 0.807 respectively. Repeated measurement analysis of variance showed that there was significant interaction between different condition groups of NEU%，LYM%，CRP，LDH and treatment time. Conclusion：Older COVID-19 patients with chronic diseases are more likely to develop severe pneumonia. Clinically，WBC，NEU，NEU%，LYM，LYM%，ALB，CRP and LDH can be used to assess the severity of COVID-19. Especially，NEU%，LYM% combined with the age of patients and the CT manifestations of lung can be used to predict the risk of progression from common patient to severe patient，so as to adjust the treatment plan in time.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the status of social support，anxiety，and depression among nurses fighting against COVID-19，and explore the relationship among the three aspects. Methods：A total of 268 nurses in a designated hospital for treatment of nov－el coronavirus pneumonia in Chongqing were investigated using the social support rating scale（SSRS），the generalized anxiety dis－order（GAD-7） and the patient health questionnaire（PHQ-9） to conduct online surveys. The social support，anxiety，depression status and potential influencing factors of nurses were analyzed，and the social support influences anxiety and anxiety affects depression as theoretical models. A structural equation model was constructed and the relationship among the three was analyzed. Results：The so－cial support of 268 interviewed nurses was negatively correlated with the measured values of anxiety and depression（R=-0.5872，-0.592 5，P<0.001），and anxiety and depression were positively correlated（R=0.633 7，P<0.000 1）. Nurse anxiety was significant in different working ages，job titles，and the condition whether they have children（P<0.05）；nurse depression was significant in different marital statuses，working ages，job titles，and the condition whether they have children（P<0.05）. The structural equation model fits well（GFI=0.90，AGFI=0.87，RMSEA=0.05）. Conclusion：The social support of nurses is significantly related to their anxiety and de－pression. Social support has a negative regulating effect on anxiety and anxiety has a positive regulating effect on depression. Hospital managers can improve the social support of nurses from inside and outside，thereby reducing anxiety at work and maintaining good health of nurses.

Abstract:Objective：To retrospectively analyze the difference of 2019 novel coronavirus（2019-nCoV） nucleic acid test results among individuals of different age and gender in Hubei area，and provide prevention and treatment strategies of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）. Methods：A total of 84 611 examinees were collected and divided into 9 groups by age：0-，10-，20-，30-，40-，50-，60-，70-，and 80-. Each age group was divided into male group and female group. The results of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test in each group were statistically analyzed. Results：Positive rate of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test was 5.33% in all examinees，among which only N gene positive results accounted for 66.42%. Positive rates of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test were increased gradually with age，and reached the peak in 60- years old group. Positive rate of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test in entire female group was 6.21% and signifi－cantly higher than that in entire male group（4.64%），and the differences were caused mainly by 20-60 years old female groups which had obviously higher positive rates of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test than same age male groups（P＜0.05）. Conclusion：Positive rates of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test are related to age and gender. The female aged 20-60 are more susceptible to infection than men. The positive rates of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test were gradually increased with age before 70 years old.

Abstract:The sudden outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） has brought great challenges to perioperative infection control. In the condition of the epidemic，improper anesthetic method，especially for patients with COVID-19，will significantly en－hance the hospital infection and will threaten patients’ perioperative safety. This article discusses the selection of anesthetic methods for patients in the COVID-19 epidemic.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the characteristics of hepatic damage in patients with coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）. Methods：Clinical data of 90 patients with COVID-19 from January 21，2020 to February 20，2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The causes and characteristics of hepatic damage in COVID-19 were analyzed and summarized. Results：Among 90 patients，33 had hepatic damage，with the rate of 36.7%. The average time of hepatic damage was 9.0±6.1 days. The rate of hepatic damage in the mild group was 32.5% and in the severe group was 61.5%，showing a statistical difference（P<0.05）. BMI in the mild group was （24.3±2.3） kg/m2 and in the severe group was （22.7±3.6） kg/m2，with significant difference（P<0.05）. There was no statistical difference between hepatic damage and gender，age and the underlying liver disease（P>0.05）. Conclusion：The hepatic damage in COVID-19 patients is mainly mild，which is related to the primary disease，the severity of the disease and BMI，The drug and the underlying liver disease may play a certain promoting role. With the improvement of the primary disease，the liver injury is gradually improved，with good prognosis.

Abstract:Objective：To summarize the clinical and imaging characteristics and differences between coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） and common pneumonia，and to improve differential diagnosis ability. Methods：Retrospectively collected the clinical and imaging data of 37 cases of early-stage COVID-19 and 40 patients with early-stage common pneumonia（not COVID-19） from January 25，2020 to February 16，2020. The clinical manifes－tations，main laboratory and CT findings of the patients were summarized and compared. Results：The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 were similar to those of patients with common pneumonia，but the former usually had a clear epidemiological history and were less likely to have an increase in white blood cell count，absolute neutrophil counts，and C-reactive protein（P<0.001），while those with decreased absolute lymphocyte counts were more common（P<0.05）. The lesions of early-staged COVID-19 and common pneumonia patients were mainly ground glass opacity（GGO）（89.2% vs. 90.0%，P=1.000）. In patients with COVID-19，the lesions were mainly round or semicircular（19，51.4%），followed by small patchy（15，40.5%），and the subpleural area was mainly involved（25，67.6%）. In patients with common pneumonia，the lesions were mainly patchy GGO with consolidation（21，52.5%） and GGO was the main component（17，81.0%），followed by single or multiple small patchy GGO（11，27.5%），and they mainly involved the entire lung segments or subsegments（31，77.5%）. Reticular shadow（16，59.3%） and multiple nodules（27，77.1%） were frequently seen in heterogeneous GGO in 27 COVID-19 patients and 35 patients with common pneumonia，respectively. Compared with COVID-19，internal bronchial wall thickening（42.5% vs. 8.1%，P=0.001） and blurred boundary（75% vs. 45.9%，P=0.009） were more common in lesions of common pneumonia. Conclusion：The pulmonary lesions of early COVID-19 and common pneumonia were mainly GGO，while the former is mostly round or patchy，mainly involves subpleural region，and frequently has internal reticular shadow and clear boundary，the latter is mostly patchy，mainly involves the entire lung segment or subsegment，and usually had internal consolidations，nodules and thickened bronchial wall，and blurred boundary. Imaging combined with patient’s clinical information and laboratory examinations can help distinguish these two diseases.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the pulmonary CT manifestations of patients with coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） in Chongqing for further understanding the imaging features of COVID-19. Methods：The initial CT data of 172 patients with COVID-19 in Chongqing were retrospectively collected. The distribution，location，shape，and density of pulmonary lesions were mainly analyzed，and the CT findings of cases diagnosed at different periods were compared. Results：Among the 172 patients，143（83.1%） cases had pulmonary inflammatory lesions on CT images，their CT manifestations were as follows：① range of involvement：37（25.9%） and 106（74.1%） cases had unilateral and bilateral lung involvement，respectively；lesions involving single，two，and three or more lobes were detected in 33（23.1%），23（16.1%） and 87（60.8%） cases，respectively，with an average of （3.2 ± 1.6） lobes；the right lower lobe（113 cases，79.0%） was most frequently involved，followed by the left lower lobe（98 cases，68.5%）；lesions involving single，two，and three or more segments were detected in 18（12.6%），18（12.6%），and 107（74.8%） cases，respectively，with an average of （7.4±5.7） segments. ②number，shape and density：among 133（93.0%） patients with multiple lesions，round or patchy consolidation with little ground glass opacity（GGO） was the most common（37 cases，27.8%），followed by patchy GGO（28 cases，21.1%） and round or patchy GGO with little consolidation（26 cases，19.6%）；10（7.0%） cases with single lesion included 5（50.0%） cases with round and 5（50.0%） cases with patchy GGO，respectively. ③distribution：lesions in 87（60.8%） cases were mainly located in subpleural zone，in 7（4.9%） cases were mainly distributed around the bronchial vascular bundle，and in 49（34.3%） cases located in both areas or distributed diffusely. With the passage of time，patients with multiple lesions were common in different periods. The proportion of patients with GGO alone increased gradu－ally，while that of patients with GGO and consolidation decreased gradually. Conclusion：The pulmonary lesions of COVID-19 patients in Chongqing are often multiple，mainly involving bilateral lung，multiple lobes and segments，and subpleural zones，round or patchy GGO with or without consolidation are the main CT manifestations. The proportion of cases with early stage disease increases gradually over time. The clinical data should be considered for diagnosing a few patients with localized lesions.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the clinical characteristics，peripheral blood cells and chest CT of family aggregated Mycoplasma pneumonia（MP） pneumonia and family-aggregated coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）. Methods：The clinical manifestations，peripheral blood cells and CT results of family-aggregated MP pneumonia and family-aggregated COVID-19 were compared to comprehend the similarities and differences. Results：MP pneumonia tended to occur in the younger age group，with main manifestations of dry cough and fever，often accompanied by pharyngalgia. Chest CT showed that the pneumonia was extended the lung field from the hilum to the outside，involved multiple lobes and easily consolidated. However，COVID-19 tended to occur in the older age group. Patients with underlying diseases were more likely to have complications and fever was the main manifestation，often accompanying dry cough，depression，chest pain and chest tightness. Chest CT showed that it mainly involved the peripheral lung and ground glass opacities. WBC，absolute lymphocyte，absolute neutrophil，Hb，PLT and CRP between two groups（all P values were greater than 0.05） had no significant differences；digestive tract symptoms were relatively rare；weakness was going to accompanied with all symptoms. Conclusion：There are many similarities between family-aggregated MP pneumonia and family-aggregated COVID-19 in the clinical，peripheral blood cells and imaging manifestations，which are easy to be misdiagnosed，and early etiological examination is helpful for early diagnosis.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the correlation between the classification of chest CT semi-quantitative score and clinical classification of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）. Methods：Clinical and imaging data of 71 patients with COVID-19 admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to February 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the diagnosis and treatment program of new coronavirus pneumonia（trail version 6），the patients were divided into the mild group（n=8），the common group（n=53），the severe group（n=8 cases） and the critical group（n=2）. Differences in laboratory results of patients with different clinical classification were compared，and patients’ CT image manifestations were compared. Semi-quantitative scoring was performed according to the location，extent，and density，and the pulmonary inflammation index（PII） was calculated and divided into five grades，and correlation between the pulmonary inflammation index classification and clinical classification was analyzed. Results：The main clinical symptoms of COVID-19 were fever（n=49） and cough（n=43 cases），etc.. Analysis of laboratory examination results showed that different clinical types were associated with lymphocyte count，C-reactive protein，erythrocyte sedimentation rate and procalcitonin，with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）. In CT findings，there were 8 mild cases（100%） in PII grade 0 group，34 common cases（97.1%） and 1 severe case（2.9%） in the PII grade Ⅰ group，17 common cases（94.4%） and 1 severe case（5.6%） in the PII grade Ⅱ group，2 common cases（28.6%） and 5 severe cases（71.4%） in the PII grade Ⅲ group，and 1 severe case（33.3%） and 2 critical cases（66.7%） in the PII grade Ⅳ group，with statistically significant difference（P<0.05）. CT pulmonary inflammatory index grade was positively correlated with clinical classification，and the correlation coeffi－cient was r=0.75. Conclusion：Chest CT semi-quantitative score and classification of patients with COVID-19 have good corre－lation with clinical classification，which has guiding significance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the high resolution CT（HRCT） imaging manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） and to investigate the correlation between CT pulmonary inflammation index（PII） and multiple clinical laboratory indexes. Methods： HRCT imaging of 57 patients with COVID-19 admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to February 2020 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed，CT pulmonary inflammation index was calculated，and the correlation of CT pulmonary inflammation index with patients’ age，erythrocyte sedimentation tate（ESR），C-reactive protein（CRP），interleukin 6（IL-6），lymphocyte count（LYM） and oxygenation index（OI） was analyzed. Results：There were 3 patients with negative pulmonary examination and 54 patients with posi－tive lung lesions. HRCT showed 8 patients in early stage，45 patients in advanced stage，1 patient in remission stage，1 patient with bilateral small amount of pleural effusion，1 patient with bronchiectasis，3 patients with tuberculosis，7 patients with calcification of aortic wall or（and） coronary artery wall，and 5 patients with emphysema. CT PPI was positively correlated with age，ESR，CRP and IL-6（P<0.05）；was negatively correlated with Lym and OI（P<0.05）. Conclusion：HRCT manifestations of COVID-19 have certain characteristics. CT PPI is correlated with multiple clinical laboratory indexes，and can be used as a means of semi-quantitative assessment of COVID-19 lung injury.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the chest imaging finding of patients with coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） in rehabilitation period. Methods：The clinical and imaging data of 80 patients with COVID-19 diagnosed as common type by the First People’s Hospital of Xiaogan City，Hubei Province from January 21，2020 to February 23，2020 were collected. The discharge standard of the convalescent stage contained body temperature returned to normal over 3 days，significant improvement of respiratory tract symptoms and obviously absorbed inflammation as well as two negative consecutive respiratory tract pathogenic nucleic acid tests showed by the pulmonary imaging（the time interval of taking sample was at least 1 day）. HRCT manifestations of patients were dynamically ob－served and were compared with those at the time of admission. Typical syndrome and lesion distribution and morphology at convales－cence stage were observed. Results：HRCT of COVID-19 patients in convalescent period showed that the absorption of “fly swatter breaking sign” and “water inclusion sign” was decreased，with earlier and more obvious absorption of water inclusion sign. Com－pared with HRCT at the time of admission，localized patchy ground glass foci in the dorsolateral or posterior basal segments of both lungs，multi segmented ground glass density foci and diffusely distributed ground glass foci in the convalescent stage were obvious，the remaining interlobular interstitial and interlobular septal thickening，subpleural arc shadow and irregular fibrous cord shadow foci among some patients were found and no obvious mediastinal lymphadenopathy and pleural effusion were found. Conclusion：The de－crease of absorption of “broken fly swatter sign” and “wrapped water pipe sign” is a typical manifestation of the improvement of the general COVID-19 in the rehabilitation period. In the rehabilitation period，the discharged patients often left ground glass like changes，thickening of interlobular septum and/or in－terlobular septum，subpleural arc shadow and residual intersti－tial inflammation. Only by popularizing HRCT in the clinical follow-up can effectively observe the dynamic changes of resid－ual lesions，reduce the residual lesions and lower the risk of de－veloping interstitial fibrosis.

Abstract:Objective：To protect the first-line medical staff who have been fighting against Coronavirus Disease 2019（COVID-19） by taking effective measures. Methods：Causes of infection among medical staff were analyzed，and a series of protection，disinfection and isolation measures were formulated on the basis of finding problems and summing up experiences or learning from lessons carefully. Results：Through comprehensive protective measures，there was no infection among the 328 Chongqing medical team members who have been fighting in Hubei Province. Conclusion：In front of the outbreak of COVID-19，we should take the disease seriously with a scientific attitude and strengthen the consciousness of self-protection. On the basis of all kinds of physical barriers，front-line medical staff should establish behavioral barriers，and implement standard prevention strictly，so as to effectively prevent medical staff from COVID-19.

Abstract:Objective：To prevent cross infection between confirmed patients and double negative patients，and between them and medical staff in the isolation ward of suspected patients with new coronavirus pneumonia. Methods：Transferring process chart was designed from four aspects of doctors，nurses，staff and patients. Results：There was no cross infection among 405 patients，doctors，nurses，and logistic staff. Conclusion：This process makes medical staff understand their positions and responsibilities，avoiding cross infection and better protecting all，so as to provide a reference for the clinical fight against the epidemic situation caused by new coronavirus pneumonia.

Abstract:As the coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） develops，the corresponding strategy has been gradually completed. As one of the biggest local general hospitals in Chongqing，our hospital not only shoulder the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 during the epidemic period，but also undertake a large number of routine diagnosis and treatment activities in the outpatient department. For ensuring the safety of patients，the work pressure in outpatient department is prominent. In the end，the outpatient department of our hospital has achieved the goal of zero missed inspection，zero missed report and zero infection by improving the organizational struc－ture，reasonably arranging human resource，strictly controlling epidemic prevention materials，rearranging the protective and isolation environment，optimizing the treatment process，and strengthening the prevention and control health education of COVID 19.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the effect of sterilization and disinfection procedures at two different levels before entering the resi－dence of medical rescue teams fighting against coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） in infection prevention and control. Methods：A total of 160 medical team members who came from our hospital to aid Wuhan were taken as study objects. During that period imple－menting two different procedures，their temperature，health condition，nucleic acid testing results and adverse reports were analyzed. Results：The number of adverse reports was 0 during 10 days when high-intensity disinfection procedures were implemented. Before the simplified procedure put into use，there were 8 cases about psychological acceptance in the first seven days；the simplified proce－dure was carried out when there was no adverse reports 7 days later. During the isolation period，the body temperature was monitored twice a day，without any abnormality；two nucleic acid testing results were both negative. Conclusion：The simplified process is a more scientific and reasonable disinfection process. Confronted with the prevention and control of the COVID-19，we must maintain a sci－entific and rational attitude and adopt right and reasonable measures，which is more conducive to security.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the prevention and control strategy of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） and its effect in el－derly care institutions and to provide the reference for the emergency response to public health. Methods：Retrospective study was performed to compare medical and care indicators during COVID-19 outbreak in medical pension institutions with the same period last year. Results：During the outbreak period（January March 2020），compared with the data of the same period last year，there was no significant difference in the overall daily disease change rate for the elderly，but the daily incidence of cold and related symptoms [（1.67±0.94）%] was significantly lower than that of last year[（2.03±1.01）%]（P=0.015）；meanwhile，the daily incidence of acute fever and referral to hospital was significantly lower than that of last year（P=0.000）；the daily incidence of adverse events was no sig－nificant difference. The daily incidence of injury[（0.007±0.044）%] was significantly lower than that in last year[（0.030±0.090）%] （P=0.028）.Daily cold related symptoms[（1.11±0.81）%] decreased significantly compared with last year[（1.40±0.93）%]（P=0.027）；daily acute fever[（0.11±0.19）%] decreased significantly compared with last year[（0.19±0.26）%]（P=0.024）；there was no seasonal influenza. Conclusion：The strategy of COVID-19 for prevention and control in the elderly care institutions is effective，and it signif－icantly improves the medical and care indicators during outbreak. It provides the reference for the elderly institutions to deal with public health emergencies. The good habits for public health formed during the epidemic period should be normalized.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the emergency response plan during epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） to carry out newborn screening for inherited metabolic diseases（IMD） safely and efficiently，so as to prevent 2019 novel coronavirus（2019-nCoV） spread and protect patients and staff. Methods：Based on the relevant regulations of National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China，guidelines and other research reports，an emergency response plan for newborn screening was proposed. Results：Newborns with suspect or confirmed COVID-19 were isolated，blood collection and recalling management were delayed until recover－ing，and telemedicine was provided. Preventive measures were taken against epidemics in the course of blood collection，transporta－tion，laboratory testing，diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion：Making an emergency response plan is a premise and guarantee to car－ry out newborn screening for IMD safely and efficiently.

Abstract:Objective：To comprehend the diagnosis and treatment experience of breast cancer patients during the coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） epidemic through qualitative interviews，so as to explore how to implement better diagnosis and treatment services. Methods：Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 12 patients with breast cancer during the COVID-19 epidemic and Co－laizzi phenomenology was used to analyze the data. Results：The experience of breast cancer patients during the COVID-19 epidemic were classified into six themes：worrying about timely treatment；negative emotions of cancer；the demand for professional knowledge；worrying about hospital infection of COVID-19；recognition of medical treatment process；confirmation of contribution from medical staff during the COVID-19 epidemic. Conclusion：Medical staff should carry out health knowledge popularization for a long time，provide on-line answering questions，relieve patients’ anxiety，keep in prevention and control during the epidemic，orderly carry out routine diagnosis and treatment activities when epidemic screening，and ensure patients get treatment. Both doctors and patients have a positive attitude to overcome difficulties when confronting the COVID-19，providing an opportunity to alleviate the relationship be－tween doctors and patients.

Abstract:Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19），radiological imaging has provided valuable imaging support for diagnosis and evaluation of disease evolution. Medical radiation technologists face patients directly，and face the double responsi－bility of infection prevention and radiation protection as well as corresponding pressure. This paper shared experiences about infection prevention and radiation protection，patients management，environment management and work improvement，aiming to provide dual protection of medical radiation technologists and patients.

Abstract:A large number of patients with coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） have been found in Wuhan，Hubei Province，and similar cases have been found in other parts of China with the spread of the disease. Therefore，medical teams from all over the country have rushed into Hubei to support treating the disease. On February 8，2020，the third anti-epidemic medical aid team to Hubei from West China Hospital，Sichuan University was stationed in the Eastern Hospital of Wuhan University People’s Hospital. After optimiz－ing the management system and procedure which are related with nosocomial infection，there is no hospital infection. The following is a summary of the resident prevention and control experience of our medical aid team from aspects of ward responsibility system of in－fection control team，ward regional planning，process management，personnel behavior management，disinfection and isolation，etc.，providing a reference for the precise prevention and control of outbreak of infectious diseases.

Abstract:Objective：This study intends to construct an emergency guarantee system of intracranial infection for epidemic prevention and control，aiming at providing references and guidelines for the government and medical institutions to improve the efficiency of treating intracranial infection patients in the clinical practice during coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） epidemic. Methods：This study constructed the emergency treating framework of intracranial infection by integrating experience and resources from all clinical departments，aiming at the key and difficult problems faced by emergency guarantee system during COVID-19 outbreak. Results：The main problem of formulating emergency guarantee system was to efficiently identify whether the intracranial infection was caused by COVID-19，so as to improve the efficiency of diagnosing and treating of intracranial infection by ways of strengthening the manage－ment of inpatient ward and standardizing the diagnosis and treatment process of patients in the emergency observation，aiming at as－sisting medical staffs during the clinical practice. Conclusion：The emergency guarantee system of intracranial infection for epidemic prevention and control during outbreak of COVID-19 depends on various resources and experience from all clinical departments.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the fine nursing management strategy for patients with Parkinson’s disease complicated by coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）. Methods：Treatment and nursing programs for patients with Parkinson’s disease infected with 2019 novel coronavirus during the hospitalization were reviewed and summarized，which contained general nursing programs such as human resource deployment，hospital sense prevention and control，respiratory support，basic care，and nutrition，and specialized nursing programs including safety，medication，sleep，psychology and rehabilitation. Results：After establishing and implementing scientific nursing management strategies，patients with Parkinson’s disease complicated by COVID-19 experienced good treatment and care during hospitalization. Conclusion：In order to enhance the success rate of patients with Parkinson’s disease complicated by COVID-19，it is important to implement a sophisticated and specialized nursing management strategy.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the nursing emergency strategy of district and county secondary hospitals in non-centralized coron－avirus disease 2019（COVID-19） treatment center in order to provide reasonable nursing emergency management reference for similar hospitals. Methods：During the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in our hospital，nursing emergency strategies were timely imple－mented according to reasonable management of nursing human resource，enhancing nursing staff’s new knowledge and skills training，implementing scientific nursing quality control management，rational deployment of emergency protection materials，and providing personalized COVID-19 health education. Results：Prevention and control work of COVID-19 on nursing was carried out effectively and there was no record about misdiagnosis of infected patients，no infection of suspected patients and no infection of medical staff. Conclusion：Nursing managers should comprehensively combine responsibilities of non-centralized hospitals and limited nursing re－sources of district and county secondary hospitals，make all-round and multidimensional rational decisions，and adopt suitable nursing emergency strategies in accordance with regional conditions，so as to ensure the successful implementation of COVID-19 nursing pre－vention and control work.

Abstract:Since from December 2019，coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） has caused tens of thousands of infections，and all areas have launched the first-level public health emergency response. In the epidemic situation，pediatric clinical nutrition not only faces unprecedented high risks of the infection prevention and control links，such as breast feeding，nutrient solution preparation，and per－sonnel-and-environmental management，but also needs to design individualized nutrition treatment plan for infected children urgently. In this paper，main problems of pediatric clinical nutrition under the epidemic situation are put forward and corresponding solutions are discussed.

Abstract:Coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by 2019 novel coronavirus（2019-nCoV） and humankinds in all age groups are susceptible to it. Neonates，due to immaturity of immune function and potential mother-fetal vertical transmission，should be paid more attention. To prevent and control 2019-nCoV infection among neonates，experts have put forward many recommendations and strategies. In this paper，we summarized a series of these recommendations and strategies，es－pecially related with the diagnosis of infection，the isolation and protection of suspected and infected neonates and the treatment.

Abstract:Objective：To respond the requirements of the documents of National Health Commission of the PRC，to carry out the “In－ternet plus medical” application and to support the consultation of the coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）. Methods：Building and improving the online consultation platform of the COVID-19. Results：From February 1st to February 21th，we had 72 doctors and a total of 26 medical teams to complete the consultation，but there were also some problems，such as：incomplete information，lack of intelligent judgment logic，inadequate support for health education，lack of follow-up function，etc. Conclusion：In view of the ex－isting problems，we should strengthen the information integration and sharing，add the intelligent judgment and education sections，and carry out exploration and research on the follow-up platform，so as to improve the application effect of the COVID-19 consulting platform，and lay a foundation for the subsequent construction of multidisciplinary online diagnosis and treatment consultation platform.

Abstract:Objective：To summarize the preparation and management work of establishing emergency nursing team to treat coron－avirus disease 2019（COVID-19），so as to provide reference for better public health emergencies in the future. Methods：Effective allocation of three echelons of emergency nursing teams was carried out with the actual needs of wards after dynamically evaluating human allocation in all endemic areas of our hospital；the emergency team members were trained in various ways to enhance the knowledge and skills of COVID-19；the organizational framework of the team was established and the rational division of labor was set，paying high attention to psychological support of medical staff. Results：From January 24 to April 8，12 batches including 68 nurses were allocated to support the key departments in the hospital；from January 26 to February 25，5 batches including 143 nurses were sent to Hubei Province，with 33-58 days of first-line working. Conclusion：Faced with the major public health emergencies，effective and reasonable deployment of the nursing management department in time can guarantee the operation of nursing human re－sources in and out of the hospital.

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