Abstract:In 2018，the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons（AAHKS），the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons （AAOS），the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine（ASRA），the American Hip Society（AHS） and the Ameri－can Knee Society（AKS） have jointly issued the clinical practice guidelines for applying tranexamic acid（TXA） in primary total hip and knee arthroplasty，which addressed common and important questions related to the efficacy and safety of TXA in primary total hip and knee arthroplasty，and provided multidisplinary evidence-based recommendations on the use of TXA. This article translated and described the guidelines，so as to provide clinical practice guidelines to Chinese clinical surgeons.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of irisin on fracture healing in rats and the regulating role on bone metabolism of whole body and bone fracture sites. Methods：SD rat tibial fracture models were established and were randomly divided into the control group（local injection of normal saline at the fracture gap） and the experimental group（local injection of 1 mL irisin protein solution，100 ng/mL）. X-ray，Micro-CT，biomechanical analysis and HE staining were used to observe the early fracture healing. Immunohisto－chemical staining and ELISA were used to detect the bone metabolism. SPSS 20.0 software was used to perform the statistical analysis. Results：Results of X-ray and Micro-CT showed new bone calluses in the experimental group were more than those in the control group at the 4th week after fracture. At the 8th week after frac－ture，fracture line in the experimental group was closely to dis－appear，while fracture line on images of bone fractured end in the control group were seen indistinctly. Total volume（TV），bone volume（BV），bone volume fraction（BVF，BV/TV），trabec－ular thickness（Tb.Th） and trabecular number（Tb.N） in the ex－perimental group at the 4th and 8th week after fracture were al－so significantly higher than those in the control group（P<0.05）. Results of biomechanical analysis indicated that maximum load，stiffness and energy absorption in the experimental group was significantly greater than those in the control group at the 4th and 8th week after fracture（P<0.05）. HE staining results showed that bone bridges in the experimental group were more than those the control group at the 4th week after fracture，and the lamellar bone in the experimental group was thicker than that in the control group at the 8th week after fracture. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that the expression of oxypolygelatin（OPG） in the experimental group was significantly enhanced and the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand（RANKL） in the experimental group was significantly inhibited when compared with those in the control group. At the same time，a stronger uncoupling protein 1（UCP1） immunopositive staining was observed in the bone marrow tissue in the experimental group. ELISA results showed that serum levels of bone alkaline phosphatase（BALP） in the experimental group were significantly increased than that in the control group at the 4th and 8th week after fracture，and serum levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b（TRAP 5b） were significantly decreased（P<0.05）. Conclusion：Irisin can improve bone metabolism of the whole body and bone fracture sites，so as to promote osteogenesis and healing within a short time.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the inhibitory and long-term protective effects of early intra-articular injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells（BMSCs） on traumatic knee osteoarthritis through immune regulation. Methods：Forty-eight New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into BMSCs treatment group and control group. An experimental model was established using the Hulth’s method，whereby the treatment group was injected with BMSCs on the 1st，3rd，and 5th days after the model establishment，while the control group was injected with an equivalent amount of phosphate-buffered saline. Knee X-ray was performed at the 3rd and 12th weeks. Knee specimens were collected for general observation，followed by safranin-fast green staining for histological obser－vation，and the synovial tissues were taken for inflammatory factor examination. Results：Compared with the control group，the BMSC treatment group had significantly reduced cartilage wear and a clearer appearance，as well as fewer osteophytes in general observation. The X-ray showed that the joint space became narrow，but milder than that of the control group，and subchondral sclerosis was not obvious. The safranin-fast green staining exhibited a regular cell arrangement，deeper staining，and less damage on the cartilage surface. In addition，the expression of interleukin-1，interleukin-6，and tumor necrosis factor-α in synovial tissues was also significantly decreased compared with the control group in the examination of inflammatory factors. Conclusion：Early intra-articular injection of BMSCs leads to a good improvement in the general observation of traumatic knee osteoarthritis，as well as better joint space and car－tilage on X-ray and safranin-fast green staining，respectively；meanwhile，the expression of inflammatory factors is also significantly reduced in synovial tissues.

Abstract:Objective：To assess the coagulation function changes by using thrombelastogram（TEG） in patients receiving rivaroxaban anticoagulation after hip revision surgery. Methods：Data of 75 patients underwent hip revision from April 2014 to December 2017 were reviewed. All patients took rivaroxaban of 10 mg within 12 hours after surgery to prevent thrombus with the frequency of once a day. All patients received TEG determination before surgery and on the 1st，3nd，5th and 7th day after surgery. Changes of TEG pa－rameters and proportional difference of hypercoagulable states at different time were compared. Results：Reaction time（R） on the 1st，3nd，5th and 7th day after surgery was decreased than that before surgery，with statistically significant difference. Mean clot index （CI） on the 1st，3nd，5th and 7th day after surgery was increased than that before surgery，with statistically significant difference. Mean maximum amplitude（MA） on the 5th and 7th day after surgery was increased than that before surgery，with statistically significant dif－ference. A total of 34.67% patients had hypercoagulable states on the 7th day，with the main of mixed hypercoagulability. Conclusion：The conventional dose of rivaroxaban is used for anticoagulation after hip revision，but the patient is still in a hypercoagulable state，with the main of mixed hypercoagulability. The existing thromboprophylaxis program after hip revision may be not perfect，therefore，exploring the individualized anticoagulation program is the future research direction.

Abstract:Objective：To retrospectively analyze the efficacy of arthroscopic treatment fracture of intercondylar eminence of tibia in children;to evaluate the difference of surgical methods and provide help for clinical treatment. Methods：Totally 42 pediatriccases of tibial intercondylar eminence fracture treated by arthroscopy or open reduction between March 2007 to September 2018 were retro－spectively analyzed. Eight patients were treated by open reduction（open reduction group），15 patients were treated with hollow screw internal fixation（hollow screw group），6 patients were treated with absorbable cartilage nail fixation（cartilage nail group），and 13 pa－tients were treated with Kirschner wire fixation（Kirschner wire group）. Long leg plaster or braces were used for fixation for 4 to 6 weeks after operation. Regular outpatient follow-up and telephone follow-up were conducted. The efficacy was evaluated according to Lysholm score，the flexion and extension of the knee，and knee stability. Results：The operation time of the arthroscopic absorbable cartilage nail group[（118.33±21.66） min] was longer than that of the Kirschner wire group[（81.54±37.78） min] and the hol－low screw group[（83.33±35.74） min]（t=2.215，P=0.041；t=2.800，P=0.013）. The operation time of arthroscopic group was （88.82±36.31） min，which was less than that of open reduc－tion group [（105.00±41.14） min]（t=－1.107，P=0.275）. The aver－age amount of bleeding in the arthroscopic operation group[（2.79±1.27） mL] was less than that in the open operation group[（9.38±1.77） mL] （t=-12.195，P=0.000）. There was no significant dif－ference in the amount of bleeding among the three different fixation methods under arthroscope（F=0.054，P=0.948）. The Lysholm score in the lastest follow-up of the arthroscopic group（97.53±3.11） was higher than that of the open group（92.00±6.97）（t=2.193，P=0.061）. There was no significant difference in Lysholm score between the arthroscopic group and the open reduction group（F=0.115，P=0.892）. All the children’s incisions were primary healing，and bony healing was achieved within 3 months. At the lastest follow-up，the anterior drawer test and Lachman test of these children were all negative. One child in Kirschner wire group had a knee stiffness，two children had knee stiffness in the open reduction group，while the others had normal mobility. Conclusion：Arthroscopy-assisted fixation with hollow screw，absorbable cartilage screw and Kirschner wire can all achieve good results in the treatment of tibial inter－condylar fractures in children. However，different internal fixation methods have their own advantages. We insist that hollow screw fix－ation for tibial Intercondylar eminence fracture in children has the advantages of simple proccedures，definite fixation，small trauma and quick recovery of the function of the knee. It’s an ideal method of treatment for the tibial intercondylar eminence fracture in children.

Abstract:Objective：To measure the morphology of normal patella with the three-dimensional software，so as to provide anatomical parameters for surgical treatment of patella fracture and improving guide devices. Methods：A total of 458 cases of knee DICOM for－mat data from August 2016 to December 2018 were collected. After excluding substandard samples，94 cases of normal patella were selected，including 49 cases of male and 45 cases of female. All the DICOM data were put into Mimics software for reconstruction and measurement，and patellar pole height，patellar height，patellar width，patellar thickness，inner 1/3 thickness and outer 1/3 thickness of different gender were measured in groups. Results：Patellar pole height，patellar height，patellar width，patellar thickness，inner 1/3 thickness and outer 1/3 thickness in the male group were （46.87±2.32），（31.42±1.83），（44.83±2.42），（21.86±1.87），（19.62±1.76） and （15.38±1.89） mm，respectively；in the female group were （42.38±1.98），（28.06±2.01），（39.12±2.03），（19.47±1.93），（17.31±1.93），（14.01±1.72） mm，respectively，with statistically significant differences among those parameters. Male patella was larger than female patella，and inner 1/3 thickness was less than outer 1/3 thickness. A guide device suitable to patella tension band was successfully designed. Conclusion：The measurement of patella anatomical parameters provides anatomical basis for treating patella fracture and guide device of patella tension band makes fixation of patella fracture more accurate and convenient.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the correlation among redox state，uric acid metabolism and bone density of lumbar spine，and to preliminarily discuss the mechanism of uric acid on bone density. Methods：Healthy people without basic disease receiving physical examination in our hospital were selected，their medical history was recorded，and the BMI was calculated by measuring the height and weight. Elbow venous blood was collected on an empty stomach and biochemical indexes such as blood uric acid were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer. The correlation between uric acid metabolism and bone density was determined by SPSS 23.0 software. The osteoblastoma cell line MG-63 was treated with uric acid and hydrogen peroxide to analyze the cell activity，preliminarily discussing the role of uric acid in influencing bone density. Results：Compared with the normal bone mass group，the blood uric acid was significantly lower than that in the osteoporosis group，while the cholesterol was negatively correlated with bone density. Hydrogen peroxide significantly promoted osteoblast apoptosis in the cell experiment；uric acid，as an endogenous antioxidant，was able to re－verse the apoptosis-inducing effect of hydrogen peroxide. Conclusion：Uric acid metabolism is closely related to bone density，and may be related to the body’s redox status.

Abstract:Objective：To perform quality assessment and content analysis of clinical practice guidelines for the prevention of venous thromboembolism（VTE） in orthopedic patients issued in China and foreign countries，and to provide a basis for developing standardized prevention plans for orthopedic patients. Methods：Websites and databases of related networks and organizations were searched for related guidelines，and these guidelines were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Appraisal of Guidelines for Re－search and Evaluation Ⅱ（AGREE Ⅱ） was used to evaluate the quality of the guidelines included in this study，and the features of each guideline were analyzed. Results：A total of 8 English guidelines and 1 Chinese guideline concerning the prevention of VTE in ortho－pedic patients were included. According to AGREE Ⅱ，the domain of clarity of presentations had the highest mean score（74.07%），followed by scope and purpose（70.06%），stakeholder involvement（54.94%），rigor of development（41.67%），applicability（40.97%），and editorial independence（40.28%）. The contents of these guidelines involved risk screening，risk warning，prevention strategies，knowledge training. and knowledge translation. Conclusion：The guidelines for VTE prevention in orthopedic patients have fair quality，and their rigor of development，editorial independence，and applicability remain to be improved. VTE prevention in China starts late and there is still a lack of high-quality evidence-based clinical practice guidelines.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the pathogenic factors and clinical and laboratory features of patients with ankylosing spondylitis （AS） and rheumatoid arthritis（RA）. Methods：A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of two patients with AS and RA who were diagnosed in Department of Rheumatology，People’s Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine，and a literature review was performed to summarize the clinical，laboratory，and imaging features of such patients. Results：The pathogenesis of AS with RA was associated with genetic factors，pathogen infection，smoking，and immune abnormalities，with the involvement of common cytokines. AS with RA was commonly seen in young and middle-aged women，with a disease onset in youth and low back pain or lumbosacral pain as initial symptoms. Radiological examination showed sacroiliitis in all patients，peripheral arthritis in most patients，and bamboo spine in some patients. The patients with AS and RA had a lower positive rate of human leuko－cyte antigen-B27 than those with AS alone and similar positive rates of rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide anti－body as those with RA alone. The patients with AS and RA had a high degree of disease activity and poorer treatment response than those with AS or RA alone；early，active，and combined medication could be given，and glucocorticoids and/or biological agents could be used in patients with a severe refractory disease. Conclusion：The pathogenesis of AS with RA is associated with multiple factors. AS with RA is commonly seen in young and middle-aged women and has complex initial symptoms. There is a high degree of disease activity and severe bone destruction on imaging. Early diagnosis and active treatment should be performed.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide（LPS） on vascular endothelial cell apoptosis and the role of mito－chondrial injury in the process. Methods：The human umbilical vein endothelial cells（HUVECs） cultured in vitro were stimulated with LPS，then Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to determine the viability of vascular endothelial cells；Western blot was used to deter－mine the protein expression of Bax，Bcl-2，cytochrome C（Cyt C），and cleaved caspase-3（CC3）；flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis；fluorescent staining with Mitotracker，JC-1，and Mito SOX was employed to determine the changes in mitochondrial morphology in the cells and their membrane potentials as well as the production level of reactive oxygen species（ROS） of mitochondrial origin. The cells were treated with MitoTEMPOL and LPS，and then were tested for cell apoptosis and the protein expression of Bax，Bcl-2，and Cyt C. Results：LPS reduced cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner（F=99.310，P=0.000）. Compared with those in the control group，LPS significantly induced the apoptosis of HUVECs（t=17.184，P=0.000），concentration-dependently increased the protein expression of CC3，Cyt C，and Bax（F=13.520，21.008，and 16.325，respectively，P=0.001，0.000，and 0.000，respectively），and reduced the protein expression of Bcl-2（F=17.287，P=0.000）. LPS stimulation resulted in significant fragmentation and granular degeneration of the mitochondria in HUVECs，decreased mito－chondrial membrane potential（F=92.286，P=0.000），and signif－icantly increased production of ROS of mitochondrial origin（t=5.324，P=0.006）. Treatment with the mitochondrial ROS scav－enger MitoTEMPOL inhibited the protein expression of Bax and Cyt C（F=19.854 and 11.594，respectively，P=0.002 and 0.009，respectively），increased the protein expression of Bcl-2（F=8.077，P=0.020），reduced the protein expression of CC3（F=15.941，P=0.004），and reduced cell apoptosis（F=57.482，P=0.000） in the LPS-stimulated HUVECs. Conclusion：LPS can induce mitochondrial injury and apoptosis in HUVECs，and the ROS released from injured mitochondria may play an important role in LPS-induced vascu－lar endothelial cell apoptosis.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the inhibition kinetics of human glutathione-S-transferase Mu（GSTM） by ethacrynic ethylamide，bis-ethacrynic succinimide，and their corresponding products. Methods：GSTM was recombinantly expressed，and enzyme activity was determined by tracking changes in ultraviolet absorption using 1-chloro-2，4-dinitrobenzene（CDNB） and glutathione（GSH） as substrates. Half-maximal inhibitory concentrations（IC50） and inhibition types were compared between ethacrynic ethylamide，bis-ethacrynic succinimide，and their corresponding products before and after incubation with GSH in the presence of GSTM. Results：IC50 values of ethacrynic ethylamide and bis-ethacrynic succinimide against GSTM were （44.0±2.2） μmol/L and （0.090±0.012） μmol/L，respectively. They were uncompetitive inhibitors against GSH but competitive inhibitors against CDNB. After incubation with the enzyme and GSH，the IC50 values of these two agents against GSTM were （8.9±0.1） μmol/L and （0.006±0.001） μmol/L，respec－tively（n=3）. Ethacrynic ethylamide turned to be a competitive inhibitor against GSH but a mixed competitive inhibitor against CDNB after incubation with GSH，while bis-ethacrynic succin－imide was a mixed competitive inhibitor against both GSH and CDNB after incubation. Both ethacrynic acid derivatives had significantly decreased IC50 values after incubation with GSH. Furthermore，bis-etha-crynic succinimide and its GSH incubation products showed a reduction in IC50 value compared with ethacrynic ethylamide and its products. Conclusion：Ethacrynic ethylamide and bis-ethacrynic succinimide are pro-inhibitors，and their products have significant reduction in the IC50 values against GSTM after incubation with GSH. Meanwhile，their inhibitory types also change significantly. Bis-ethacrynic succinimide along with its products have significantly enhanced inhibition potencies compared with ethacrynic ethylamide.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of enhanced neutrophil respiratory burst on mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm and alginate，the main in extracellular matrix，in vivo. Methods：A rat model of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infection in the airway was established，and the rats were treated with the respiratory burst enhancer PMA（BF-PMA group） or normal saline（con－trol group）. The plate count method was used to measure the number of live bacteria in biofilm；a scanning electron microscope was used to observe the structure of biofilm；the sulfuric acid-carbazole method was used to measure the content of alginate in biofilm；HE staining was used to observe pathological injury of lung tissue；ELISA was used to measure the levels of inflammatory factors. Results：The scanning electron microscope showed that compared with the control group，the BF-PMA group had a significantly more complex structure and significantly greater thickness of the biofilm，as well as a significantly higher number of live bacteria in the biofilm（P=0.000）. The BF-PMA group had a significantly higher level of alginate synthesis in biofilm than the control group（P=0.004）. HE staining showed that compared with the control group，the BF-PMA group had significantly greater pathological changes of lung tissue，a significantly higher degree of inflammatory response in lung tissue，and a significantly higher level of inter－feron gamma（IFN-γ）（P=0.002），as well as a significantly higher ratio of IFN-γ to interleukin-10（P=0.023）. Conclusion：En－hanced neutrophil respiratory burst in vivo may promote the synthesis of alginate，an important substance in the extracellular matrix of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm，and make it more dif－ficult to eliminate mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. It is often associated with severe pathological injury and inflam－matory response.

Abstract:Objective：To study the Streptococcus pneumoniae（Sp）-induced autophagy in human pulmonary epithelial cells and its mechanism. Methods：Human pulmonary epithelial A549 cells and wild-type Sp strain were cultured by routine methods. The A549 cells were transfected with the eukaryotic expression vector green fluorescent protein-light chain 3（GFP-LC3） and were divided into experimental group（Sp，MOI=30∶1），negative control group（wortmannin[an autophagy inhibitor]，2 μmol/L，2 h），positive control group（rapamycin[an mTOR inhibitor]，1 mmol/L，10 h），and reference control group（co-treated with wortmannin and Sp）；each group was treated for 1 h，2 h，3 h，or 4 h. Each group was observed for the formation of autophagic spots by fluorescence microscopy，for the structure of autophagosomes by transmission electron microscopy（TEM），and for the expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-Ⅰ/Ⅱ（LC3-Ⅰ/Ⅱ），phosphorylated UNC-51-like kinase1（P-ULK1），and sequestosome 1（P62） by Western blot. The A549 cells were transfected/co-transfected with red fluorescent pro－tein-tagged pneumolysin（RFP-PLY） or/and GFP-LC3. The expression levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Ⅰ/Ⅲ（PI3K-Ⅰ/Ⅲ），protein kinase B（Akt），Beclin 1 protein（Beclin-1），and mammalian target of rapamycin（mTOR） were determined by Western blot. Results：After treatment of the A549 cells for 3 hours，compared with the negative control group，the Sp-infected groups had a significantly increased number of autophagic spots（t=41.313，P=0.001） and a significantly up-regulated expression level of LC3-Ⅱ（t=121.592，P=0.000），with typical structures of autophagosomes observed under the TEM. After transfection of the A549 cells by RFP-PLY for 3 hours，compared with the negative control group，the Sp-infected groups also showed obvious autophagy with significantly down-regulated expression of PI3K-I，Akt，and mTOR（tPI3K-I=16.544，PPI3K-I=0.004；tAkt=22.679，PAkt=0.002；tmTOR=19.503，PmTOR=0.003），but there were no significant differences between the above groups in the expression level of PI3K-Ⅲ or Beclin-1（tPI3K-Ⅲ=3.572，PPI3K-Ⅲ=0.070；tBeclin-1=0.799，PBeclin-1=0.508）. Conclusion：Wild-type Sp may induce autophagy in A549 cells through the PI3K-I/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

Abstract:Objective：To establish a model of 2，4-dinitrochlorobenzene（DNCB）-induced atopic dermatitis（AD） in wild-type and TRPA1-knockout C57BL/6 mice，and to investigate the role of TRPA1 in this model. Methods：Wild-type male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into experimental group and control group，with 6 mice in each group. A model of AD was established. In the sensitization stage，the mice were given external applica－tion of 2% DNCB and acetone-olive oil solution（3∶1） on the back and acetone-olive oil solution alone on the ears on day 1，and in the challenge stage，the mice were given external application of 0.5% DNCB on the back and acetone-olive oil solution alone on the ears on days 5，8，11，14，17，and 20，with 6 times of treatment in total. HE staining was performed for skin lesions to identify whether an AD model was established successfully. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to measure the protein and mRNA expression of TRPA1，and immunohistochemistry was used to identify the location of TRPA1 and measure its protein expression. A total of 6 TRPA1+/+（wild-type） mice were randomly selected as model group Ⅰ，6 TRPA1-/-（knockout genotype） mice were selected as model group Ⅱ，and 6 TRPA1+/+ mice were selected as control group. An AD model was established according to the method above. After modeling，serum samples and skin lesions at the ears and the back were collected to measure related pathophys－iological indices. Results：Skin lesions and HE staining showed that an AD model was successfully established in wild-type mice. As for the experimental group，the results of qRT-PCR showed a significant increase in the relative mRNA expression of TRPA1 in the back lesions（t=4.93，P=0.008）；Western blot showed a significant increase in the protein expression of TRPA1 in the back lesions，with a significant change in mean optical density（t=34.32，P=0.000）；immunohistochemistry showed varying degrees of increases in the expression of TRPA1 in the epidermis and the dermis. The AD model established in TRPA1-knockout mice showed that compared with the control group，the model groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ had marked inflammatory skin lesions on the back and marked ear swelling. Pathological examination showed hyperkeratosis and/or parakeratosis，thickening of the prickle cell layer，inflammatory cell infiltration dominated by lymphocytes in the dermis，and increased infiltration of mast cells in the model groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ. There was an in－crease in total serum IgE level and there was a significant difference between the control group and the model groups Ⅰ/Ⅱ[（1.27±0.10） μg/mL vs. （14.82±0.26） μg/mL，t=19.27，P=0.000；（1.27±0.10） μg/mL vs. （8.63±0.28） μg/mL，t=25.07，P=0.000]. There were increases in the relative expression of the TH2 cytokines interleukin-4 and interleukin-13，and there were significant differences between groups（P<0.05）. Compared with the model group Ⅰ，the model group Ⅱ had significant reductions in the severity of inflam－matory skin lesions，the degree of ear swelling，the thickening of the prickle cell layer，the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration，and the total serum IgE level[（14.82±0.26） μg/mL vs. （8.63±0.28） μg/mL，t=16.34，P=0.000]，as well as significant reductions in the relative expression of TH2 cytokines. Conclusion：A model of DNCB-induced AD has been successfully established in wild-type and TRPA1-knockout C57BL/6 mice. Upregulation of TRPA1 expression and TRPA1 knockout inhibit DNCB-induced inflammation in AD，suggesting that TRPA1 may play an important role in DNCB-induced AD，but further studies are needed to clarify the specific mechanism.

Abstract:Objective：To study the effect of aspirin（ASA） on the expression of heme oxygenase-1（HO-1） in cochlear spiral ganglion neurons（SGNs） of guinea pigs with cisplatin（DDP） ototoxicity，and to explore the protective effect of ASA on cochlear SGNs of guinea pigs with DDP ototoxicity by inducing the expression of HO-1. Methods：Forty guinea pigs were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups：group A（normal control group） received intraperitoneal injection of 0.9% normal saline at a daily dose of 10 mL/kg；group B （DDP group） received intraperitoneal injection of DDP at a daily dose of 10 mg/kg；group C（ASA+DDP group） received in－traperitoneal injection of DDP at a daily dose of 10 mg/kg following 1-hour pretreatment of 100 mg/kg ASA；group D [HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX（ZnppIX）+ASA+DDP group] received intraperitoneal injection of DDP at a daily dose of 10 mg/kg following 1-hour pretreatment of 10 μmol/kg ZnppIX and 100 mg/kg ASA. Each group received treatment once in the morning and once in the evening. After 10 days of continuous administration，changes in auditory brainstem response（ABR） threshold were observed in each group. The HO-1 expression in cochlear SGNs was measured by immunohistochemistry，immunofluorescence，and Western blot. Results：In all the four groups，group D had the highest ABR threshold（47.18±2.56），followed by group B（39.98±7.32），group C （2.85±2.38），and group A（1.65±2.13）. The immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence results showed that group A had the highest HO-1 expression，followed by group C，group B，and group D. The Western blot results showed that there were significant dif－ferences between the four groups in HO-1 expression（P=0.000） and group A had the highest expression（0.98±0.07），followed by group C（0.63±0.02），group B（0.27±0.05），and group D（0.12±0.09）. Conclusion：ASA can protect SGNs from DDP-induced oto－toxicity by increasing the expression of HO-1 in cochlear SGNs.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the correlation between viral load and number of T lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus （HIV）/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome（AIDS） patients with or without hepatitis C virus（HCV） infection in Xinjiang，China. Methods：According to the degree of infection，patients were divided into HIV/AIDS simple infection group with 68 patients and HIV/HCV combined infection group with 80 patients. CD4+ T lymphocytes，CD8+ T lymphocytes，HIV RNA，and HCV RNA were measured，and the correlation between indices was analyzed. Results：Compared with the HIV/HCV combined infection group，the HIV/AIDS simple infection group had significantly higher numbers of CD4+ and CD8+T lymphocytes[CD4+：（352.691±216.324）/?滋L vs. （164.488±101.447）/?滋L，t=6.585，P=0.000；CD8+：（1 102.088±578.909）/?滋L vs. （760.65±491.962）/?滋L，t=3.879，P=0.000]，while there was no significant difference in HIV RNA load between the two groups（9.871±3.487 vs. 10.737±3.095，t=-1.600，P=0.112）. In the HIV/AIDS simple infection group，the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes was negatively correlated with HIV RNA load[（9.871±3.487） log10 copies/mL]（r=-0.433，P=0.000），and there was no correlation between the number of CD8+ T lymphocytes and HIV RNA load（P=0.696）；in the HIV/HCV combined infection group，the numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were not correlated with HIV RNA load[（10.737±3.095） log10 copies/mL]（P=0.148 and 0.114）. In the HIV/HCV combined infection group，the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes was positively correlated with HCV RNA load[（15.046±2.654） log10 copies/ml]（r=0.242，P=0.031），the number of CD8+ T lymphocytes was not correlated with HCV RNA load[（15.046±2.654） log10 copies/mL]（P=0.154），and HIV RNA load was negatively correlated with HCV RNA load（r=-0.533，P=0.000）. Conclusion：When HIV/AIDS patients develop HCV infection，there is a significant reduction in the number of CD cells，but there is no significant difference between HIV RNA and HCV RNA，and there is a negative correlation between them.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the clinical features of periodic fever syndrome（PFS） in children and to improve the understand－ing of the disease. Methods：A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data，laboratory examinations，and genetic diagnoses of 17 children with PFS who attended the University of Hongkong-Shenzhen Hospital from February 2014 to June 2018. Results：There were 11 and 6 children who were diagnosed with periodic fever，aphthous stomatitis，pharyngitis，and adenitis syndrome（PFA－PA） and familial Mediterranean fever（FMF），respectively. The median duration of fever episode，the highest temperature during each episode，and the median interval between episodes were 4.5 days，40 ℃，and 4 weeks，respectively，for PFAPA，and 3.25 days，40 ℃，and 4 weeks，respectively，for FMF. Among the patients with PFAPA，11（100%） had pharyngitis，7（63.6%） had cervical lymphadenitis，7（63.6%） had an oral ulcer，3（27.3%） had abdominal pain，and 1（9.1%） had a rash. Among the patients with FMF，2（33.3%） had abdominal pain，2（33.3%） had cervical lymphadenitis，2（33.3%） had an oral ulcer，and 2 （33.3%） had pharyngitis. Laboratory examinations revealed elevated levels of white blood cells（WBC），C-reactive protein（CRP），and erythrocyte sedimentation rate（ESR） but normal procalci－tonin（PCT） and negative results of microbiological and autoantibody tests in all the patients with PFS during fever episode. Gene de－tection revealed 1 site mutation in the MEFV gene in 4 out of 11 patients with PFAPA and 2-3 site mutations in the MEFV gene in all the 6 patients with FMF. Conclusion：PFS should be considered in patients suffering from periodic fever along with symptoms such as pharyngitis and cervical lymphadenitis accompanied by elevated CRP and ESR as revealed by laboratory examinations. Meanwhile，this study suggests that PCT can assist the differential diagnosis between PFS and bacterial infection.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the clinical efficacy of pulsed radiofrequency（PRF） of the dorsal root ganglia at different voltage levels combined with pregabalin in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and its effects on serum levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide（CGRP） and 5-hydroxytryptamine（5-HT） in patients with trigeminal neuralgia，and to lay a primary foundation for exploring its possible mechanism. Methods：Ninety patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia were randomly divided into three groups. Con－trol group：oral pregabalin；standard-voltage and high-voltage PRF group：combined with standard-voltage or high-voltage PRF of the dorsal root ganglia in addition to oral pregabalin. Changes in pain intensity（PI），life satisfaction index B（LSI-B），Pittsburgh sleep quality index（PSQI），and patients’ serum levels of CGRP and 5-HT were evaluated. Results：PI score，total sleep quality score，LSI，and serum levels of CGRP and 5-HT were improved in all three groups，significantly greater in the high-voltage PRF group than in the other two groups（P<0.05）. Conclusion：PRF stimulation of the dorsal root ganglia combined with pregabalin is more effective in improving sleep quality and quality of life，relieving patients’ pain symptoms，and regulating the levels of factors related to the patho－genesis of trigeminal neuralgia.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the application effect of Israeli disaster rescue in nurses’ disaster preparedness and analyze the influencing factors for nurses’ disaster preparedness，to provide scientific reference and basis for improving nurses’ disaster rescue abilities and disaster knowledge preparation. Methods：In January 2018，270 nurses were selected from the five grade A tertiary hospi－tals to conduct a survey on nurses’ disaster knowledge preparedness. After the relevant knowledge training of Israeli disaster rescue and implementing the disaster rescue exercise，in June 2018 the nurses were surveyed using a nurses’ disaster knowledge preparedness questionnaire to analyze the intervention effects and the factors affecting the nurses’ knowledge preparedness. Results：After intervention，the scores of all dimensions of the nurses’ disaster preparedness were significantly increased（all P<0.01）：disaster knowledge（4.14±0.44 vs. 4.38±0.86），disaster skill（4.13±0.21 vs. 4.39±0.88），and disaster management（4.02±0.17 vs. 4.44±0.90）；the total score of nurses’ disaster preparedness（197.55±37.53） was at a medium level. The age，education level，working years，professional title，disaster rescue experience，and disaster training of nurses were the main influencing factors for nurses’ disaster preparedness. Conclusion：Israeli disaster rescue has a guiding significance for improving nurses’ disaster preparedness. There is still room for im－provement in nurses’ disaster preparedness in Jiangsu. The hospital should strengthen disaster knowledge training，imple－ment disaster rescue exercise，and learn from international ad－vanced rescue experience to improve nurses’ disaster rescue a－bilities.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the middle-term and long-term prognosis of very low birth weight（VLBW） and extremely low birth weight（ELBW） infants after discharge through a systematic follow-up. Methods：A total of 218 VLBW（including ELBW） infants admitted in neonatal intensive care unit of our department from 03/2013 to 06/2017 were regularly returned to the follow-up clinic to take evaluations of physical development and nervous system development and accept individualized early intervention. Results：Among those 218 infants，25 were ELBW infants，the minimum gestational age was 25+6 weeks，and the minimum birth weight was （650） g；the average fetal age was （31.06±1.52） weeks，and the average birth weight was （1.27±0.18） kg. Follow-up to a corrected age of （14.53±2.36） months，height，body mass and head circumference lower than two standard deviations with same age and gender were 5.05%，5.50% and 2.65%，respectively. Mental development index（MDI） and psychomotor development index（PDI） were performed in accordance with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development，18 infants had MID and PDI scores≤69（8.26%），107 infants MID and PDI scores≥80（49.08%） and three infants（1.37%） were diagnosed with cerebral palsy. Grouped in terms of birth weight，MDI score in the ELBW group（n=25） was （74.84±13.30），which was significantly lower than that of （81.47±11.86） in the VLBW group（n=193）. Grouped in terms of gestational age，MDI score in the group with gestational age<28 weeks group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups（group with gestational age of 28-31+6 weeks and group with gestational age≥32 weeks）. In the group with abnormal MDI and PDI scores（score<70），incidence of abnormal cranial magnetic res－onance imaging（MRI） and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy（ICP） was higher than that in the group with normal scores. Stepwise Logistic regression analysis was performed and showed that abnormal cranial MRI and ICP were risk factors for neurodevelopmental injury. Conclusion：ELBW/VLBW infants have a higher in－cidence of growth and developmental retardation；the smaller the gestational age is，the lower the birth weight is and the higher the in－cidence of neurodevelopmental delay is. Therefore，they need long-term and standardized follow-up and early intervention，to reduce serious complications and sequelae.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the characteristics of interleukin-1（IL-1），interleukin-6 （IL-6），interleukin-8（IL-8） and inter－leukin-10（IL-10） in patients with different septic severity as well as its prognosis，providing clinical references to assess the severity and outcome of sepsis. Methods：A total of 71 septic patients in our department from March 2016 to August 2017 were enrolled. On the basis of severity of sepsis，patients were divided into the sepsis group（n=37） and the septic shock group（n=34）. In addition，they were divided into the survival group（n=58） and the death group（n=13） according to the 28-day outcome. Sequential organ failure assessment（SOFA） and acute physiology and chronic health e－valuationⅡ（APACHEⅡ） were recorded when patients entered the intensive care unit（ICU）. Procalcitonin（PCT），c-reactive protein（CRP），IL-1，IL-4，IL-6 and IL-8 were measured. The difference of above indexes between the sepsis group and the septic shock group was compared，and the clinical value of these indexes in evaluating the prognosis of patients was analyzed by ap－plying the receiver operating characteristic（ROC）. Results：Scores of SOFA（P=0.001），APACHEⅡ（P=0.001），CRP（P=0.019），IL-1（P=0.001），IL-6（P=0.004），IL-8（P=0.001） and IL-10（P=0.001） in the septic shock group were significantly higher than those in the sepsis group，all differences with statistical significances（P<0.05）. Serum PCT level（P=0.325） between the septic shock group and the sepsis group had no significant difference. According to the 28-day outcome，results showed that scores of SOFA（P=0.001），APACHEⅡ（P=0.001），IL-1（P=0.037） and IL-8（P=0.035） in the death group were significantly higher than those in the survival group（P<0.05），all differences with statistical significances. However，CRP（P=0.544），IL-6（P=0.586） and IL-10（P=0.676） in the evaluation of prognosis of septic patients had no significant differences. According to ROC curve，IL-1（area under curve，AUC=0.657） and IL-8（AUC=0.689） was able to reflect the prognosis of patients，but its predictive value was lower than the SOFA score（AUC=0.853） and the APACHEⅡ score（AUC=0.843）. Combined monitoring IL-1 and IL-8（AUC=0.704） had higher value to assess the prognosis than individual monitoring. Conclusion：The CRP，IL-1，IL-6，IL-8 and IL-10 have correlation with sepsis severity，which are of potential value in judging the severity of sepsis. Combined monitoring IL-1 and IL-8 can reflect the prognosis of sepsis patients.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the clinical，imaging and pathological characteristics of cerebellopontine angel（CPA） medulloblas－toma. Methods：Clinical manifestations，imaging characteristics，pathological types and surgical outcomes of eight patients with CPA medulloblastoma were retrospectively analyzed，and their tumors were underwent the molecular grouping and assessment. Results：Patients had an age from 7 to 52 years old，with the most frequent symptoms of intracranial pressure，cerebellar signs，decreased hearing，facial paralysis and abducent nerve paralysis. MRI demonstrated a solid CPA lesion，with mild to moderate enhancement，accompanying with peritumoral oedema，cystic change and dural tail sign，while CT showed no damage and hyperplasia of petrous bone and internal auditory canal intact. Among eight patients，six patients underwent total resection and the other two patients had partial excision. Postoperative pathological examination confirmed five cases of classic type，two cases of desmoplastic type and one case of anaplastic type. Further molecular analysis showed that five cases were WNT subtypes and three cases were SHH subtypes. After the surgery，symptoms and signs of seven patients immediately improved，and condition of one patient remained as the preopera－tive one. Follow-up was ranged from 5-34 months，during which five cases kept symptom free and three cases recurred/progressed. Conclusion：CPA medulloblastoma is rare and lacks special clinical manifestations and imaging features，which needs more attention on differentiating and diagnosing CPA disease. The most common pathological types and molecular subtypes are classical type and WNT subtypes，respectively. Microsurgery is an effective method to prevent the further deterioration of nerve function.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the change of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer（GCIPL） thickness in the patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome（OSAS），so as to provide references to prevent ocular complications in OSAS. Methods：In this study，right eyes of 124 OSAS patients from Chongqing Emergency Medical Center and The People’s Hospital of Chongqing and 67 healthy people were enrolled. Cirrus high-definition optical coherence tomography（HD-OCT） was used to measure the average macular GCIPL thickness，the minimum macular GCIPL thickness and the GCIPL thickness of all macular areas. Results：The average macular GCIPL thickness，the minimum macular GCIPL thickness and the GCIPL thickness of all macular areas in the observation group were less than those in the control group. The average macular GCIPL thickness，the minimum macular GCIPL thickness，the superior GCIPL，the superior-nasal GCIPL，the inferior-nasal GCIPL，the inferior GCIPL，the inferior-temporal GCIPL and the super-temporal GCIPL thickness in the OSAS group were lower than those in the control group（t=3.335，P=0.001；t=2.491，P=0.014；t=2.822，P=0.005；t=2.567，P=0.011；t=3.046，P=0.003；t=3.279，P=0.001；t=3.432，P=0.001；t=3.086，P=0.002）. Conclusion：The average GCIPL thickness，the minimum GCIPL thickness and the GCIPL thickness of all macular areas in OSAS patients become thinner than those people of the control group. Before the significant syndrome，their macular GCIPL become thinner，which is similar with the early-stage open angle glaucoma macular change. Anoxia and influence on blood flow in OSAS patients may be high risk factors of losing macular retinal ganglion cells.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the epidemiological feature in non-hospitalized children with trauma，providing references to the science popularization，prevention and treatment. Methods：Electronic medical records of non-hospitalized children with trauma in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from August 2017 to July 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Results：A total of 17 268 children were included，with gender ratio of 1.73∶1 and average age of （4.31±2.82） years old. Annual high prevalence time included April （1 777/17 268，10.29%），July（1 752/17 268，10.15%） and December（1 574/17 268，9.12%）. Daily high prevalence time was 18：00 to 19：59 （3 475/17 268，20.12%）. Common injury places contained homes（7 932/17 268，45.93%） and schools （5 526/17 268，32.00%）. Positions were easily injured were head （12 150/17 268，70.36%） and limbs（3 605/17 268，20.88%）. Head injuries were mostly caused by falling down（7 805/12 150，64.24%） and bump（3 657/12 150，30.10%），while limb injuries by sharp instruments（1 122/3 605，31.12%） and scald （1 342/3 605，37.23%）. Moreover，falling down to cause head injury was the initial in－jury cause（7 805/17 268，45.20%）. Conclusion：The characteristics of trauma in non-hospitalized children follows some rules. Strengthening health education for children and caregivers，ra－tional allocation of medical resources，home-school joint pre－vention of trauma，protection of head and limbs，and focusing on scald pretreatment and safety of activity places can effectively reduce the trauma.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the value of combined trans-abdominal and intraluminal ultrasound on evaluating treatment effectiveness of molecularly targeted drugs in gastrointestinal stromal tumors（GIST）. Methods：A total of 35 patients with GIST confirmed by pathology and immunohistochemistry，who treated with molecularly targeted drugs，were enrolled in this study and their clinical and image data of evaluating the treatment response of targeted drug therapy using both ultrasound and CECT were collected and retrospectively analyzed. According to the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors（RECIST），the coincidence rate and consistency of two imaging methods in evaluating the treatment response of drugs for GIST patients were compared. Results：The consistency of evaluation results of GSIT by two methods of ultrasound and enhanced CT was satisfactory. The Kappa value was 0.821 （P<0.001）. There was no significant difference in evaluation of treatment effectiveness of two imaging methods（P>0.05）. Conclusion：Ultrasound is consistent with enhancement CT for evaluating molecularly targeted drugs in GSIT，which can be an imaging examination method.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the dosimetric characteristics of TOMODirect（TD） on the treatment of locally advanced hypopha－ryngeal cancer and its tumor control probability（TCP），and to evaluate its clinical feasibility. Methods：Twenty-six patients with local－ly advanced hypopharyngeal cancer were randomly selected. TOMOHelical（TH） and TD were used to design radiotherapy plan. The paired t test was used in two different plans to analyze target envelope quality，organs at risk（OAR） protection，plan process and TCP. Results：All indexes of TD and TH treatment plans met clinical requirements. Compared with TH，the conformal index of PTV1 in TD plan was slightly worse（P=0.009），and the average dose was increased by 0.48%（P=0.010）. Dose differences of SIB and PTV2 in TH and TD plans were not significant，and has no statistical significance（P>0.05）. Compared with TH plan，only the maximum dose of spinal cord in TD plan was increased by 3.64%（P=0.044），and V5 Gy and V10 Gy were decreased by 3.98%（P=0.002） and 3.46%（P=0.002），respectively，while doses of other OARs in two plans had no significant difference，without statistical significance（P>0.05）. The number of monitor unit in TD plan was decreased by 8.04%（P=0.000） when compared with TH plan，but the treatment time was increased by 54.08 seconds（P=0.000）. Mean values of TCP in TD and TH plan were 94.74% and 94.71%，respectively，without statistically significant difference（P >0.05）. Conclusion：TD can obtain the similar target envelope and organ at risk with TH，reducing the volume of the low-dose area. Although the treatment time is prolonged，the number of monitor unit is reduced，and the average TCP is similar. TD may be a preferred radiotherapy method for treating locally advanced hypopharyngeal cancer，which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the differences of clinical and CT features between lobar pneumonia and pneumonic lung cancer lo－calized to a single lobe. Methods：The clinical and CT data of 41 pneumonic lung cancer patients（lung cancer group） and 45 patients with lobar pneumonia（pneumonia group） were reviewed respectively. The age，sex，clinical symptoms，leukocyte count and CT find－ings of the two groups were compared. ROC curve was drawn for these parameters with statistical significance，and AUC was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of each parameter. Results：For clinical features，the age of lung cancer group was older than that of pneumonia group（P<0.05）. No significant difference in gender was observed between both groups（P>0.05）. Cough，chest pain and hemoptysis were more common in lung cancer group（P<0.05），while fever and increased leukocyte count were more common in pneu－monia group（P<0.05）. No significant difference in the occurrence of expectoration was observed between both groups（P>0.05）. For CT features，no significant difference in the distribution of solitary consolidation was observed between both groups（P>0.05）. Air bronchogram sign with wither-stick shape，air-containing space，heterogeneous enhancement，and accompanying nodules were more common in lung cancer group（P<0.05）. No significant differences in the pleural effusion and ground-glass opacity around consolida－tion were observed between both groups. ROC curve analysis showed that air bronchogram sign with wither-stick shape was the most effective feature in the differential diagnosis of the two diseases，with an AUC of 0.807，and a sensitivity and specificity of 0.659 and 0.956，respectively. Conclusion：The clinical and CT features of lobar pneumonia and pneumonic lung cancer localized to a sin－gle lobe are different. Understanding these differences can help to improve the diagnostic accuracy of pneumonic lung cancer.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the influencing factor in obese patients with newly diagnosed type-2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）. Methods：From December 2017 to June 2018，a total of 157 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM in the endocrinology department from the Fifth People’s Hospital of Chongqing，were selected and divided into the obese group（n=70） and the non-obese group（n=87） according to different cut-offs for body mass index（BMI） of 25 kg/m2 on the basis of WHO-Western Pacific diagnostic criteria for adult obesity. The routine biochemical indexes of obese patients with newly diagnosed T2DM were compared and analyzed to explore the influencing factors. Results：Age（P=0.014），high density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）（P=0.036），and total bile acid（TBA） in the obese group（P=0.010） were lower than those in the non-obese group. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the onset of obe－sity in T2DM was negatively correlated with age（r=-0.191，P=0.017） and TBA（r=-0.211，P=0.008），and positively correlated with C-reactive protein（CRP）（r=0.178，P=0.027）. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that TBA（OR=0.551，95%CI=0.317-0.957，P=0.034） decreased the risk of the onset of obese in T2DM by 44.9%. Conclusion：Bile acid may be an independent protective factor for obese patients with newly diagnosed T2DM.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the clinical significance of low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions（LSIL） in different cell morphology by applying cervical cytology. Methods：Results of 153 patients diagnosed with LSIL by cervical cytology and underwent human papilomavirus（HPV） typing detection，colposcopy and cervical biopsy from July 2017 to June 2018 were retrospectively ana－lyzed. Results：The LSIL patients with different cell morphology diagnosed by cervical cytology had high infection rates of high-risk HPV（HR-HPV）（81.0%）；the infection rate of LSIL patients with koilocyte was 77.0%，while of LSIL patients with non-koilocytotic cell was 83.7%. Among them，the HPV16 and HPV18 infection rates of LSIL patients with abnormal cells being non-koilocytotic cell were 18.5%（17/92），significantly higher than those of koilocyte type LSIL patients（6.6%，4/61）. The detection rate of biopsy patho－logical diagnosis ≥ intraepithelial lesion of cervix（CIN）Ⅱ among LSIL patients with non-koilocytotic cells was 28.3%（26/92），sig－nificantly higher than that among LSIL patients with koilocyte type（8.2%，5/61），with were statistically significant differences（P<0.05）. Conclusion：The LSIL patients with non-koilocytotic cells are more likely to have or progress into CIN Ⅱ and more severe lesions，therefore，clinicians should pay more attention to it.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the therapeutic effects of clean intermittent catheterization combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on neurogenic bladder. Methods：Thirty patients with hypotonic neurogenic bladder admitted to our hospital from July 2017 to August 2019 were odd-even randomly divided into control group（n=15） and observation group（n=15）. The patients in 15 odd-numbered control group were only given intermittent clean urethral catheterization，while those in 15 even-numbered obser－vation group were given repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. The residual urine volume of bladder before and after treatment and the activity of daily living were compared between the two groups. Results：The residual urine volume of bladder in the observation group and the control group was improved after treatment（P<0.01），and the residual urine volume in the observation group was sig－nificantly better than that in the control group（P<0.01）. Conclusion：Clean intermittent catheterization combined with repetitive tran－scranial magnetic stimulation can better reduce the residual urine volume and effectively improve the quality of life of patients with neurogenic bladder.