Abstract:Cardiovascular disease（CVD） has become the main cause of disability and death. Obesity，as an important risk factor for CVD，has received widespread attention in the management of CVD. However，not all adipose tissues have the same inflammatory，secretory，and metabolic activities. The latest research shows that cardiac fat deposition is particularly associated with increased risk of heart metabolism. Noninvasive imaging techniques such as ultrasound，computed tomography（CT） and magnetic resonance imaging（MRI），which play a clinical role in cardiovascular risk assessment，can qualitatively and quantitatively reflect cardiac fat deposition. Therefore，this paper has reviewed the methods of noninvasive measurement and the characteristics of cardiac fat deposition，as well as the related mechanisms affecting CVD，so as to provide an important basis for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular risk.

Abstract:Sestrin2（Sesn2），a member of the Sesns family，is a highly conservative stress-induced protein，which can be up-regulated by DNA damage，oxidative stress and hypoxia. The up-regulated Sesn2 acts as an antioxidant and exerts protection effect under a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. This review has described that the regulatory factor p53，nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2（Nrf2） and hypoxia inducible factor-1（HIF-1） is able to induce the expression of Sesn2，while Sesn2 can regulate downstream AMP-activated protein kinase（AMPK）/mammalian target of rapamycin（mTOR） and autophagy signals，playing an impor－tant role in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the protective role of Sesn2 in diseases of heart and blood vessels.

Abstract:Canagliflozin，an active small molecule sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2（SGLT2） inhibitor，become a hot topic to treat diabetes mellitus because of their unique mechanism. Canagliflozin not only decreases plasma glucose level and HbA1c，but also has some extra therapeutic benefits，such as losing the body weight，lowering blood pressure，suppressing inflammatory response and improving cardiovascular outcomes，so as to suggest its direct or indirect protective effect on heart failure. Heart failure is one of the most common end-events of diabetes mellitus，which brings a promising application in heart failure. This article reviewed the possible mechanism of the effect of canagliflozin on heart failure.

Abstract:Intestinal flora forms a large and complex micro-ecological system in the human body，participates in energy metabolism，regulates immunity and other processes，with important physiological significance，and plays an important role in humans’ health and disease. In the development of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease（referred to as coronary heart disease），intestinal flora plays an important role and is a potential target for the diagnosis，treatment and prognosis of coronary heart disease. This article reviews the relationship between coronary heart disease and intestinal flora.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the effect of exogenous hydrogen suifide（H2S） on myocardial fibrosis and expression of transforming growth factor-β1（TGF-β1） and Smad7 in hyperhomocysteinemia（HHcy）-induced rats. Methods：A total of 40 adult male SD rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups（n=10）：the control group（Control），the model group（HHcy），the H2S-intervention model group（HHcy+H2S） and the H2S-intervention normal group（H2S）. L-methionine（10 g/L） was added into the drinking water for consecutive ten weeks to establish the model. After successful modeling，sodium hydrosulfide（NaHS） was intraperitoneally injected into the rats in the HHcy+H2S group and the H2S group for consecutive four weeks. Masson staining method was used to observe the deposition of myocardial collagen，immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of Collagen Ⅲ and Western blotting was used to determine the expression of CBS，TGF-β1 and Smad7. Results：Compared with the control group，cardiomyocytes were arranged in disorder，the collagen deposition was significantly increased，the expression of collagen Ⅲ was significantly increased（P=0.000），the expression of TGF-β1 was increased apparently（P=0.004），and CBS（P=0.006） and Smad7（P=0.001） proteins were obviously down-regulated in the HHcy group. Compared with the HHcy group，cardiomyocytes were arranged in a relatively order man－ner，the collagen deposition was comparatively reduced，the ex－pression of collagen Ⅲ was relatively decreased（P=0.003），the expression of TGF-β1 was down-regulated distinctly（P=0.006），and CBS（P=0.005） and Smad7（P=0.000） proteins were increased in the HHcy+H2S group. Conclusion：H2S may improve myocar－dial fibrosis in hyperhomocysteinemia-induced rats and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of TGF-β1/Smad7 signaling pathway.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of paeonol on H9C2 cells damaged by hypoxia/reoxygenation and its underlying mech－anism. Methods：H9C2 cells were pre-treated with paeonol or not，and the hypoxia/reoxygenation injury model of H9C2 cells in vitro was established. Expression level of miR-155-5p was measured by qRT-PCR. Proliferation activity and apoptosis level of H9C2 cells were validated using MTT assay and flow cytometry. ELISA kits were used to detect myocardial injury markers creatine kinase（CK）and lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）. Results：Paeonol significantly enhanced the activity of H9C2 cells and decreased the level of apop－tosis and the release of CK and LDH after hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment. Paeonol notably inhibited the expression of miR-155-5p in H9C2 cells. It was observed that inhibition of miR-155-5p alone had similar effects on H9C2 cells with paeonol. After paeonol pre-treatment and miR-155-5p mimics transfection at the same time，effects of paeonol on H9C2 cells were reversed by over-ex－pressed miR-155-5p. Conclusion：Paeonol can alleviate injuries in H9C2 cells induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation by down-regulating the level of miR-155-5p.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the clinical features and the influencing factors of severe viral myocarditis（SVM） in adult patients. Methods：A retrospective analysis was conducted in 93 cases of acute viral myocarditis diagnosed in our hospital from July 2015 to December 2019. These patients were divided into SVM group（n=45），and common viral myocarditis（CVM） group（n=48） according to the severity of the disease. Clinical general baseline characteristics，the parameters of electrocardiogram，laboratory and echocardiogram in the two groups were compared and analyzed to explore the influencing factors. Results：Compared with the CVM group，the systolic blood pressure and left ventricular ejection fraction were decreased，ALT，troponin Ⅰ，myoglobin，QRS duration，left ventricular end systolic diameter were increased，and the proportions of ST-segment elevation myocardial injury，low voltage，dyspnea，syncope，and shock were increased in the SVM group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ST-segment elevation myocardial injury（OR=28.224，95%CI=1.043-763.543，P=0.047） and troponin Ⅰ（OR=1.321，95%CI=1.059-1.647，P=0.013） were associated with increased risk of the onset of SVM，and the systolic blood pressure（OR=0.892，95%CI=0.805-0.988，P=0.028） was associated with decreased risk of the onset of SVM. Conclusion：ST-segment elevation myocardial injury and troponin Ⅰ may be the independent risk factors of adult patients with SVM，and systolic blood pressure may be an independent protective factor.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the characteristics of body components and prognostic factors in patients with non ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome（NSTEACS）. Methods：This study included 466 NSTEACS patients meeting the conditions between January 2013 and October 2019 General clinical data were collected. Participants’ body composition characteristics were judged by fat and muscle measured by abdominal CT，and they were divided into control group，obesity group，sarcopenia group and sarcopenic obesity group. Prospective follow-up was performed in all patients. The endpoint event was major adverse cardiac event（MACE）. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the survival rate. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze the relationship between body composition and MACE. Results：There were 106 cases（22.7%） in the control group，172 cases（36.9%） in the obese group，79 cases（17.0%） in the sarcopenia group，and 109 cases（23.4%） in the sarcopenic obesity group. There were significant differences in survival curves between the 4 groups（ χ2=30.674，P=0.000）. Survival curves between control group and obe－sity group（χ2=6.099，P=0.014），control group and sarcopenia group（ χ2=9.332，P=0.002），obesity group and sarcopenia group（ χ2=27.775，P=0.000），obesity group and sarcopenic obesity group（ χ2=12.642，P=0.000），sarcopenia group and sarcopenic obesity group（ χ2=3.972，P=0.046） were significant different. There was no significant difference between the obesity group and the sarcopenia group（ χ2=0.948，P=0.330）. Multivariate Cox regression showed that diabetes，high GRACE score，obesity，sarcopenia，and sarcopenic obesity were independent risk factors for MACE，while percutaneous coronary intervention（PCI） was a protective factor for reducing MACE. Conclusion：There is no obesity paradox in patients with NSTEACS. Sarcopenic obesity，sarcopenia and obesity are risk factors for cardiovascular events in NSTEACS patients. The results help to further perform risk stratification for NSTEACS patients.

Abstract:Objective：To access the changes of left atrial diameter and NT-proBNP in patients with COX-MAZE Ⅳ procedure con－comitant valvular surgery. Methods：A total of 50 patients were consecutively recruited and divided into 3 groups：sinus group，AF-sinus group，AF-AF group. Left ventricular ejection fraction（LVEF） and left atrial diameter were measured by echocardiography before and 6 months after procedure. Plasma NT-proBNP levels were measured before and 6 months after procedure. Results：The left atrial di－ameters before procedure were significantly different between sinus group and AF group [（53.53±9.48） mm vs. （41.11±6.31） mm，P=0.000]. The plasma NT-proBNP levels were also significantly different [（2 792±1 582） pg/mL vs. （1 035±833） pg/mL，P=0.000]. But the LVEF values were not [（52.53±7.03）% vs. （58.00±5.87）%，P=0.07]. The left atrial diameters before procedure were different between AF-sinus group and AF-AF Group [（49.90±1.70） mm vs. （58.85±9.92） mm，P=0.007] and the plasma NT-proBNP levels were also differene [（2 298±261） pg/mL vs. （3 514±1 892） pg/mL，P=0.03]. The LVEF values were not [（53.37±1.49） % vs. （51.31±7.83）%，P=0.424]. The left atrial diameters after 6 months procedure were different between AF-sinus group and AF-AF group[（41.84±1.12） mm vs. （48.23±8.12） mm，P=0.009] and the plasma NT-proBNP levels were different [（489±84） pg/mL vs. （1 408±1 176） pg/mL，P=0.017]. The LVEF values were also different [（5408±5.47）% vs. （58.58±0.62）%，P=0.04]. Conclusion：The left atrial diameters and the plasma NT-proBNP levels are the risk factors of occurrence of AF in patients with valvular diseases. The more left atrial diameters and the plasma NT-proBNP levels before procedure tend to AF recurrence and the less left atrial diameters and the plasma NT-proBNP levels，the more LVEF values are beneficial to sinus rhythm restoration.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate therapeutic efficacy of intracoronary nicorandil injection through thrombus aspiration on slow/no-reflow during primary percutaneous coronary intervention（PCI） in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI）. Methods：This was a single-center prospective randomized trial. Consecutive 100 STEMI patients with high thrombus load underwent thrombus aspiration were randomly divided into nicorandil group and control group，followed by administration of nicorandil 4 mg or saline distal to the target lesion via thrombus aspiration. Peak level of creatine kinase isoenzyme（CK-MB），peak time，TIMI blood flow grading，corrected TIMI frame count（cTFC），TIMI myocardial perfusion grading（TMPG），and ST-segment resolution （STR） 90 min after PCI and hemodynamics parameters were recorded. Major adverse cardiovascular events（MACEs） were obtained at 1-month follow-up. Results：The proportion of TMPG3，STR in nicorandil group were statistically higher than those in control group （all P<0.05）. The incidence of slow blood flow/no-reflow（TIMI≤ grade 2），cTFC，peak level of CK-MB，peak time in nicorandil group were significantly lower than those in control group（all P＜0.05）. The incidence of MACEs in nicorandil group was lower than that in the control group（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of symptomatic hypotension and symptomatic brady－cardia between the two groups（P>0.05）. Conclusion：Intracoronary administration of nicorandil through thrombus aspiration catheter in STEMI patients with high thrombus load can better improve myocardial tissue perfusion and reduce the incidence of MACEs，with no significant effect on hemodynamics.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the association of impaired fasting glucose（IFG） and fasting blood glucose（FBG） levels with the risk of cardiovascular disease based on the latest 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease（ASCVD） risk assessment model. Methods：The study enrolled 362 subjects with FBG measurement results from those patients who visited our internal medicine outpa－tient and wards of our hospital，and those who came to our hospital for physical examination，between July 2015 and April 2017，a－mong which 87 subjects in IFG status. The IFG is defined according to the definition of diabetes reported by the World Health Or－ganization in 1999（6.1 mmol/L≤FBG<7.0 mmol/L）. The estimated 10-year ASCVD risk score was calculated through the computa－tional equations given by the American Heart Association（ACC/AHA） Practice Guidelines Working Group. Results：Compared with people with normal glucose metabolism，statistical analysis showed that IFG people had higher body mass index，systolic blood pres－sure，diastolic blood pressure，FBG，and triglyceride levels（P<0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that，the IFG people was significantly associated with an increased risk of at 10-year ASCVD（≥7.5%）[OR：95%CI=4.41（1.78-10.93），P=0.001] compared to people with normal fasting glucose. FBG level was closely related to 10-year ASCVD risk score. With the increase of FBG level，the 10-year ASCVD risk gradually increased，especially when the FBG was higher than 5.7 mmol/L，the 10-year ASCVD risk was signifi－cantly increased（≥7.5%）. Conclusion：Based on the latest published 10-year ASCVD risk assessment equation，the study has found that both IFG and FBG levels are significantly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the cognitive function and influential factors of hospitalized patients with the chronic heart failure （CHF）. Methods：A total of 104 CHF patients were conveniently drawn from patients in 5 hospitals and were evaluated by Montreal cognitive assessment scale（MoCA） Beijing Edition. Results：The prevalence of the cognitive impairment in 104 CHF patients in this study was 71.2%. The abnormal rates in each field ranking from high to low were delayed recall（92.3%），visual space and executive function（85.6%），language（76.0%），abstract（57.7%），attention（27.9%），naming （2.9%） and orientation（0.0%）. The multivariate lin－er regression analysis indicated age（B=-0.024，P=0.027） and education years（B=0.117，P=0.000） into the equation of visual space and executive function，sleep score（B=-0.036，P=0.037）into the equation of delayed recall，education years（B=0.088，P=0.000） and sleep score（B=-0.038，P=0.022） into the equation of attention，age（B=-0.015，P=0.042） and education years（B=0.047，P=0.019） in－to the equation of abstract，education years（B=0.074，P=0.001） into the equation of language，age（B=-0.067，P=0.029），education years（B=0.273，P=0.001） and NYHA grades（B=-0.915，P=0.017） into the equation of MoCA score. Conclusion：The prevalence of cognitive impairment in CHF patients was relatively high，especially the delayed recall impairment. Age，sleep disorders，and higher NYHA grades may be independent risk factors for cognitive impairment in patients with chronic heart failure，and higher education was a protective factor for cognitive impairment in CHF patients.

Abstract:Objective：To obtain a large number of high-purity mouse marrow-derived dendritic cells（DC） through in vitro induction and amplification，and to explore its biological characteristics with different cultivating time and under different growth conditions. Methods：Marrow-derived cells of mouse were induced to differentiate into DCs in vitro by using recombinant-murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor（rmGM-CSF）. The cell count，survival rate and morphology changes of DCs were observed under the light inverted Microscope at 0 h，1 d，4 d，7 d，9 d and 11 d. On day 9，suspended cells and adherent cells without stimulation of mouse interleukin-4（rmIL-4） or with stimulation of rmIL-4 were collected，respectively；expression levels of CD11c，CD80，CD86 and MHC-Ⅱ on the surface of suspended cells and adherent cells by Flow Cytometry. On day 9 and 11，the DC was collected and the expression level of CD11c of BMDC was analyzed by FACS. SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis，and t-test was used for comparison between two independent groups. Results：On days 0 h，1 d，4 d，7 d，9 d and 11 d，the survival rate of BMDCs ranged from 90% to 95%. On day 4，a large number of colony cells were formed and gradually increased. On day 9，BMDCs became significantly larger and atypical protrusions and pseudopodia were able to be obviously found on the surface. On day 9，flow cytometry showed that expression ratio of cell-surface markers including CD11c+ CD80+，CD11c+CD86 and CD11c+MHC-Ⅱin suspended cell population were significantly higher than those in adherent cell population [（88.10±2.41）% vs. （79.17±2.32）%，（84.60±3.26）% vs. （75.40±4.41）%，（92.90±3.93）% vs. （82.77±4.80）%]，with significant differences（all P<0.05）. The expression of CD11c+ in BMDCs had no significant dif－ference in rmIL-4 groups and non-rmIL-4 groups（P>0.05）. After cultivating for 11 days，both the suspended CD11c+ cells population and adherent CD11c+ cells population were significantly higher than those after cultivating for 9 days（P<0.05）. Conclusion：A simple induced cultivation in vitro can obtain highly purified marrow-derived DC with different characteristics. There is no difference of the CD11c+ cells between the differentiation of DCs with rmGM-CSF alone and combination of rmGM-CSF and rmIL-4. The maturity of suspended cells population is higher than that of adherent cells population and prolonged cultivating time can increase the production and purity of CD11c+ DC.

Abstract:Objective：To study the effects of rosuvastatin calcium combined with donepezil on the expression of inflammatory factors in rats with Alzheimer’s disease. Methods：APP/PS1 double transgenic mice were randomly divided into model group，donepezil group，rosuvastatin group and combined treatment group，10 mice in each group. The dose of donepezil hydrochloride group[donepezil 1.3 mg/（kg·d） infusion]，rosuvastatin calcium group [rosuvastatin calcium 1 mg/（kg·d） infusion]，combined treatment group[rosuvas－tatin calcium 1 mg/（kg·d），donepezil 1.3 mg/（kg·d） infusion]. The model group was not treated. Morris water maze was used to test the escape latency of mice in each group. Methylene blue staining was used to observe the morphological changes of hippocampal neurons in each group. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of IL-1β，TNF-α and p38MAPK in hip－pocampus of mice. Western blot was used to detect the content of IL-1β，TNF-α and p38MAPK in hippocampus of mice. Results：After treatment，the escape latency was shortened in donepezil group，rosuvastatin group and combined therapy group，but the combined therapy group was better than donepezil group and rosuvastatin group. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the average optical density of IL-1β（0.37±0.05 vs. 0.52±0.09，P=0.001），TNF-α（0.42±0.08 vs. 0.69±0.11，P=0.002） and p38MAPK（0.39±0.06 vs. 0.61±0.10，P=0.001） in combined treatment group were lower than that in model group. The results of Western blot showed that the expression of IL-1β，TNF-α and p38MAPK in donepezil group，rosuvastatin group and combined treatment group were lower than that in model group. Conclusion：Rosuvastatin calcium combined with donepezil can significantly im－prove the spatial learning，memory and neuron damage of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. It may decrease the production of inflammatory factors in hippocampus by inhibiting p38MAPK pathway.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the thermal imaging change of skeletal muscle blunt contusion in the early postmortem stage by using infrared thermal imaging technology，so as to obtain the regularity of its change with the time of death via objective and quanti－tative analysis. Methods：Rabbit models with blunt contusion were established and killed by air embolization after 6 h. the skeletal muscle blunt injury model was prepared. Infrared thermal imaging and histopathology examination of injured and healthy limbs were performed by infrared thermal imager immediately after injury，immediately after death，6 h after death，24 h after death，3 d after death and 6d after death. Average temperature（Tmean） and maximum temperature（Tmax） were extracted and the reason of image change was analyzed. Results：Immediately after the injury，the yellow region of central blunt contusion was increased，with visible outline. Immediately after death，the infrared thermal image of the damaged area turned into dark red. Damage contour at 6h after death was circular and distinguishable. The contour of damaged area was not recognizable during 24 h-6 d. There were significant differences in infrared thermal data values at different time points among groups（FTmean=1 162.040，PTmean=0.000；FTmax=1 217.042，PTmax=0.000）. Tmean and Tmax in the injured limb group were lower than those in the healthy limb group，and there were significant differences（FTmean=51.440，PTmean=0.000；FTmax=69.808，PTmax=0.000）. There was an interaction of detection time among groups（FTmean=19.040，PTmean=0.000；FTmax=15.769，PTmax=0.000）. Tmean and Tmax value in the injured limb were reached the peak at about 6 h after death，then gradually decreased，and gradually stabilized at 24 h，3 d and 6 d after death. Conclusion：Changes of infrared thermal imaging and temperature value parameter of skeletal muscle blunt contusion in different time after death have certain time regularity，which provides a nondestructive objective and quantitative testing method for predicting the time of skeletal muscle blunt contusion of individual after death.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the role and mechanism of succinate receptor（SUCNR1） in the occurrence and development of pulmonary fibrogenesis. Methods：A bleomycin-induced lung fiber model was constructed using SUCNR1 knockout（SUCNR1-/-） mice to observe the effects on pulmonary fibrosis. Transforming growth factor β1（TGF-β1） stimulated SUCNR1-/- primary lung fibrob－lasts cell proliferation was detected by MTT，and extracellular matrix（Collagen Ⅰ and α-SMA） was detected by western blot. The expression of forkhead box protein M1（Foxm1） in the lung tissue of each group of pulmonary fibrosis mice was detected. TGF-β1 and succinate stimulated primary lung fibroblasts were treated with Foxm1 inhibitor，and the effects on cell proliferation and extra－cellular matrix formation were observed. Results：The pulmonary fibrosis of SUCNR1-/- mice were significantly less than SUCNR1wt. The cells proliferation，and Collagen Ⅰ and α-SMA production was significantly reduced in SUCNR1-/- primary lung fibroblasts. Foxm1 was significantly elevated in the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model，but significantly reduced in the SUCNR1-/- model. Inhibition of Foxm1 reduces TGF-β1 and succinate-induced lung fibroblast proliferation，Collagen Ⅰ and α-SMA generation. Conclusion：SUCNR1 participates in the development of pulmonary fibrosis，and its possible mechanism may be to activate lung fi－broblasts by promoting Foxm1 expression.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of resveratrol on the proliferation of ovarian cancer A2780 cells，and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods：Human ovarian adenocarcinoma A2780 cells were cultured in vitro and treated with different concen－trations of resveratrol（50，100，200，400 μmol/L） for 24，48 and 72 h. MTT assay was used to detect cell proliferation and cell cycle changes was determined by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to detect the expression of integrin-linked kinase（ILK），β-catenin and Cyclin D1 in cells. Results：At 200 μmol/L for 24 h，resveratrol effectively inhibited the proliferation of A2780 cells，and the cells were blocked in G0/G1 phase，and they were in a significant dose-time dependence（P<0.05）. Western blot results showed that resver－atrol significantly lowered the expression of ILK，β-catenin and Cyclin D1 at protein levels in A2780 cells（P<0.05），with a concentra－tion-time dependence（P<0.05）. Conclusion：Resvertrol could inhibit the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting ILK/β-catenin signaling pathway and reducing the expression of downstream target protein Cyclin D1 in A2780 cells.

Abstract:Objective：To provide experimental basis for the further preparation of bioactive bone repair materials by detecting the biological behaviour of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells（BMSCs） in the PLGA-HAP composite scaffolds biomaterials. Methods：Hydroxyapatite（HAP） with different concentrations formed by biomimetic mineralization in vitro and deposited on polylactic-co-glycolic acid（PLGA） turned to PLGA-HAP scaffolds biomaterials（0 mmol/L，4.2 mmol/L，25 mmol/L）. Rat BMSCs were co-cultured into them to detect the effects of each group of materials on cell adhesion，proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Results：In the cell proliferation experiment，the absorbance values of the control group on 1 d，4 d，and 7 d were 0.361±0.009，0.408±0.005，and 0.430±0.006，the values of PLGA-HAP（0 mmol/L） composite scaffolds on 1 d，4 d，and 7 d were 0.203±0.003，0.477±0.006，and 0.606±0.007，the values of PLGA-HAP（4.2 mmol/L） composite scaffolds at 1 d，4 d，and 7 d were 0.262±0.006，0.527±0.005，and 0.635±0.003，respectively，and PLGA-HAP（25 mmol/L） composite scaffolds at 1 d，4 d，and 7 d values were 0.270±0.002，0.575±0.004，and 0.667±0.005，respectively. The F value of the time factor was 10 632.000，that of the HAP concentration factor was 678.000，and that of the interaction factor was 732.600，all P=0.000. The data had statistical differences，indicating that the scaffold with relatively long time and high mineralization degree was more conducive to cell adhesion，growth and proliferation，and the influence of time factor was relatively positive. In the alkaline phosphatase（ALP） activity value test，the activity values of the composite scaffolds PLGA-HAP（0 mmol/L），PLGA-HAP（4.2 mmol/L），and PLGA-HAP（25 mmol/L） at 3 days were 0.088±0.015，0.122±0.016 and 0.125±0.008，the activity values at 7 days were 0.146±0.004，0.469±0.024 and 0.573±0.013，respec－tively. The F value of the time factor was 1 653.000，the F value of the HAP concentration factor was 400.900，and the F value of the interaction factor was 280.500，all P=0.000. The statistically different data showed that scaffold materials with different mineralization degrees could promote the repair of bone defects in a relative period of time. With the passage of time，the scaffold with higher HAP concentration，i.e. higher mineralization degree，was more conducive to the osteogenic differentiation of cells，and the influence of time was relatively positive. Conclusion：Hydroxyapatite-loaded PLGA composite scaffold can significantly promote cell adhesion，prolifer－ation and osteogenic differentiation. This study is an important experimental basis and foundation for further development of related bioactive bone repair materials.

Abstract:Objective：To determine the 50% effective dose（ED50） of methoxamine to prevent spinal-induced hypotension at elective cesarean delivery with constant-speed infusion. Methods：This was a prospective and double-blinded study. Forty-four pregnant women，with single fetus and full term，who were going to have cesarean delivery were included. The combined spinal epidural anesthesia was performed in the interspace of lumbus 3/4（L3～4）. When the spinal epidural anesthesia was completed，the methoxamine was infused at a rate of 100 mL/h，and the infusion was stopped after the baby was delivered. The initial concentration of methoxamine was 70 μg/mL and the constant speed was 100 mL/h. The targeted contractive blood pressure was maintained at the basic level and the sequential method was used to determine the drug concentration of next women，with concentration gradient of 1 μg/mL. Systolic blood pressure was lower than the base value was defined as ineffective concentration；systolic blood pressure was maintained the base value was defined as effective concentration. Probit regression was used to analyze the ED50 of methoxamine and 95% confidence index（CI）. Twenty pregnant women were collected in accordance with ED50，and the effective value of ED50 was calculated. Results：The ED50 of 100 mL/h methoxamine was 79.38 μg/mL（95%CI=76.59-112.48） and the effective value was 80%. The neonatal umbilical blood pH values were greater than 7.2. All neonatal Apgar scores at 1 min and 5 min were greater than 7. There was no side effects（nausea，vomiting，shivering，bradycardia and so on） in patients with effective blood pressure control. Conclusion：The ED50 of 100 mL/h methox－amine to prevent hypotension under spinal anesthesia during caesarean section is 79.38 μg/mL（95%CI=76.59-112.48）.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the liver function manifestations of hepatopaths co-infectied with Epstein-Barr virus（EBV） and to explore the possible mechanism of EBV to aggravate liver function injury in hepatopaths. Methods：A total of 244 hepatopaths who screened by EBV nucleic acid detection，and the positive rate of EBV-DNA was determined. The patients were divided into groups by HBsAg，and the differences of liver function in patients with EBV infection complicated with HBsAg+ and HBsAg- liver disease were analyzed. Patients with unknown etiology of HBsAg+（n=45） and HBsAg-（n=69） were selected，and the influence of EBV infection on peripheral blood immune cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the effect of EBV in－fection on immune cells in liver tissue of hepatopaths. Results：The detection rate of EBV-DNA+ in 244 cases of liver disease was 29.91%. In patients with HBsAg- and HBsAg+ liver injury，liver function of EBV+ was worse than that of EBV-，in which，aspartate aminotransferase（AST），alanine aminotransferase（ALT），and total bile acids（TBA） in patients with HBsAg- liver injury increased significantly（P<0.05）；AST，ALT，and γ-Glutamyl transaminase（γ-GGT） in patients with HBsAg+ liver injury increased significantly（P<0.01）. Flow cytometry showed that EBV significantly reduced the ratio of CD8+ T in peripheral blood and liver tissue between HBsAg- and HBsAg- patients. Compared with HBsAg-，EBV significantly reduced CD8+ T cells in HBsAg+ patients. Conclusion：EBV can aggravate liver function injury in hepatopaths，and the possible mechanism is that EBV consumes CD8+ T cells in peripheral circulation and liver tissue，which reduces the body’s resistance to hepatitis.

Abstract:Objective：To compare the safety and efficacy of the novel double-tube laryngeal mask airway（LMA） and endotracheal tube（ETT） on Stretta radiofrequency ablation therapy under general anesthesia in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD）. Methods：A total of 30 patients with GERD treated by radiofrequency therapy under general anesthesia were randomly divided into the LMA group（L group） and the ETT group（T group）. After preoxygenation，the routine intravenous anesthesia was performed，the LMA or ETT was inserted and the reasonable depth of anesthesia was maintained. The time of successful placement of the radiofre－quency catheter，mean arterial pressure（MAP），heart rate（HR），pulse oxygen saturation（SPO2），end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pres－sure（PetCO2） and airway pressure at seven different time points，operation time，extubation or mask-removal time，the satisfaction of endoscopic physicians and patients，and the incidence of reflux aspiration were recorded. SPSS 22.0 was used to perform the data statistical analysis，x±s was used to demonstrate measurement data，repeated-measure variance analysis was used to perform the intergroup comparison of repeated-measure data，t-test was adopted for intergroup comparison and constituent ratio or constituent rate was used to demonstrate the numeration data. Results：In the L group，the successful placement time of radiofrequency catheter was significantly shorter than that in the T group（P<0.05）[（22.1±4.3） s vs. （76.0±6.3） s，P=0.000 ]，the operation time and postopera－tive extubation time were shorter than those in the T group（P<0.05），the satisfaction score of patients and endoscopy doctors was better than that in the T group. The HR and MAP in the T group were significantly higher than those in the L group at T1 time point（P<0.05）. The airway pressure in the L group was significantly higher than that in the T group at T1，T2 and T4 time point. There was no significant difference in ventilation oxygenation between the two groups，and no adverse events such as reflux and aspi－ration. Conclusion：Novel double-tube laryngeal mask airway，with characteristics of simple operation，proper airway sealing function and stable hemodynamics，can significantly shorten the opera－tion time，and improve the perioperative comfort of patients and the satisfaction of endoscopists，which can effectively and safely re－place ETT in the radiofrequency treatment of GERD.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided serratus anterior plane block on perioperative analgesia in patients after modified radical mastectomy（MRM） and to explore its role in preventing post-mastectomy pain syndrome（PMPS）. Methods：One hundred female patients scheduled for modified radical mastectomy，aged 28 to 75，were randoly divided into 2 groups the general anesthesia group（G） and the general anesthesia group combined with nerve block group（GB）. Before induction of anesthesia，patients in the GB group were injected with 0.33% ropivacaine for 30 mL in the serratus anterior plane under ultrasound guidance. Patients in the group G were injected with the same amount of saline at the same location. Patients in the two groups underwent tracheal intuba－tion，followed by static suction combined anesthesia. Patients in both groups were given patient controlled intravenous analgesia（PCIA） after surgery. The times of effective delivered doses 48 h postoperatively，the cases of remedial analgesia were recorded. Nu－merical rating scale（NRS） was used to evaluated the pain severity at 4 hours，12 hours，24 hours，and 48 hours postoperatively and at 3 months，6 months，9 months，12 months postoperatively in both groups. PMPS incidence will also be recorded. Results：①The NRS scores at rest in GB group were significantly lower than that of the G group at 4 h（P=0.000），12 h（P=0.000），24 h（P=0.000），and 48 h（P=0.001） postoperatively；NRS scores at movement in in GB group were significantly lower than that of the G group at 4 h（P=0.000），12 h（P=0.000），24 h（P=0.002），and 48 h（P=0.001） postoperatively. ②The number of effective analgesia pump pressing within 48 h in GB（0.07±0.34） was signifi－cantly less than that in the G group（0.56±0.82）（P=0.001）；the remedial analgesic ratio in GB group（4.77%） was lower than G group（35.90%）（P=0.000）. ③The NRS scores in the GB group at 6（P=0.020） and 9 months（P=0.016） after surgery were significantly lower than those in the G group. ④The incidence of PMPS in GB group at 6 months（47.62%） and 9 months（61.54%） postopera－tively was significantly lower than that in the G group at 6 months（71.80%，P=0.041） and 9 months（61.54%，P=0.020）postopera－tively. ⑤There was a correlation between the acute NRS scores and the chronic NRS scores. Conclusion：Ultrasound-guided serratus anterior plane block applied to modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer can not only improve acute pain scores，reduce periop－erative opioid consumption，but also reduce the incidence and severity of PMPS. In addition，the postoperative acute pain NRS score was related to the severity of PMPS.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the clinical characteristics of interstitial lung disease（ILD） complicated with respiratory failure （RF），compare their differences，analyze their risk factors of ILD with RF，and establish a risk prediction model. Methods：A total of 291 patients with ILD in our hospital from January 2013 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed and were divided into the case group（n=98） and the control group（n=193）. Their clinical data were compared and analyzed，and logistic regression analysis was used. The model was established，and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test and receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve were used to evaluate the model. Results：During the past 5 years，patients with ILD and RF were taken 33.7% among all hospitalized pa－tients with ILD. Compared with the control group，the mortality in the case group was significantly increased，accounting for 17.3%. Patients in the two groups had significant differences in main symptoms，the aggravated time of symptoms，smoking index，C-reactive protein（CRP） and the lesion of chest CT（P<0.05）. Logistic regression analysis revealed that acute exacerbation within short time，dyspnea，increased CRP，and CT diffusion focus were independent risk factors of patients with ILD and RF. The area under the ROC curve for the evaluation model was 0.854（95%CI=0.805-0.903），with sensitivity of 67.1% and specificity of 89.5%. Conclusion：More attention should be paid to ILD patients who have an acute exacerbation in short time，with dyspnea as main symptom，accompanying with high CRP level，diffuse lesion and ground-glass opacity，or combined with cardiovascular disease and pulmonary infection. Because those patients may be more likely to have RF，with high mortality and poor final outcome. The risk prediction model might be an effective tool for predicting whether there will be respiratory failure of ILD patients，with can be used for clinical practice.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the curative effect of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation（ECMO） on severe acute respiratory dis－tress syndrome（ARDS） and its influences on prognosis of patients. Methods：Sixty patients with severe ARDS who were admitted to the hospital from September 2015 to September 2019 were enrolled as study objects，and they were randomized into control group（n=30）and observation group（n=30）. The control group was treated with ventilator，while the observation group was treated with ECMO. The hemodynamic indexes [heart rate（HR），pulmonary arterial pressure（PAP），cardiac output index（CI）]，blood gas indexes[partial pressure of oxygen（PaO2），partial pressure of carbon dioxide（PaCO2），blood oxygen saturation（SaO2），mixed venous oxygen partial pressure（PvO2），mixed venous carbon dioxide partial pressure（PvCO2），mixed venous oxygen saturation（SvO2）]，oxygen metabolism indexes[oxygen consumption（VO2），oxygen delivery（DO2），oxygen extraction rate（ERO2），blood lactic acid（Lac）]，incidence of com－plications，success rate of weaning and survival were compared between the two groups. Results：After treatment，HR，PAP and CI in observation group were higher than those in control group（P<0.05）. After treatment，PaO2，SaO2，PvO2 and SvO2 in observation group were higher than those in control group，while PaCO2 and PvCO2 were lower than those in control group（P<0.05）. After treatment，DO2，VO2 and ERO2 were higher in observation group than control group，while Lac was lower than control group（P<0.05）. The incidence of complications in observation group was lower than that in control group（6.67% vs. 26.67%）（P<0.05）. The success rate of wean－ing and 3-month survival rate in observation group were higher than those in control group，without significant difference（P>0.05）. Conclusion：ECMO has a significant curative effect on severe ARDS patients，which can improve oxygen metabolism，and maintain hemodynamics stability，reduce incidence of complications and mortality，and can be applied as an effective means for clinical treat－ment of severe ARDS.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of gastric variceal ligation（GVL） vs. gastric variceal obliteration（GVO） in controlling type 1 gastroesophageal varices（GOV1） bleeding. Methods：The clinical data of patients with GOV1 gastric variceal bleeding were analyzed retrospectively，including 61 cases treated with GVL（GVL group） and 69 cases treated with GVO（GVO group）. The hemostatic success rate，gastric variceal（GV）eradication rate，rebleeding rate and complications incidence were compared between GVO and GVL treatment groups. Results：Both GVO and GVL treatment groups were effective in controlling acute GV hemor－rhage and had the similar hemostasis rate，98.04% in GVO group and 100.00% in GVL group，without significant differences（P=1.000）. During the follow-up period，23.19% of GVO patients experienced rebleeding，compared with 16.39% rebleeding rate in GVL-treated patients，but the rebleeding rates were not significantly different between the two groups（P=0.334）. 50.72% of patients treated with GVO and 52.46% of patients treated with GVL were found gastric varices reduction or eradication，with no significant difference between two groups（P=0.756）. The incidence of complications in GVL group were 16.39%，whereas 40.58% of patients were found with complications in GVO group，with significant differences between the two groups（P=0.004）. Conclusion：Our results show that GVL and GVO are both effective in controlling gastric variceal bleeding and rebleeding，but the complications incidence of GVL is lower than that of GVO.