Abstract:Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a major mental disease which seriously affects human health. Increasing researches have shown that dysbiosis of gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MDD. We have carried out a series of researches to uncover the dysbiosis of gut microbiota in MDD and identify the key gut microflora that cause MDD, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. The present manuscript summarizes the research findings of our research group.

Abstract:Primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) is one of the most common glomerular diseases in children and an important cause of chronic renal insufficiency in children in China. At present, the pathogenesis of PNS is not completely clear. In recent years, many advances have been made in the basic and clinical studies of PNS. In this paper, the authors reviewed the important aspects of the disease, such as the predisposing factors, the specific genetic background, the immune dysfunction, the production of plasma circulating factors, and the damage of glomerular filtration barrier. Nowdays, there are still many unsolved clinical and basic problems in PNS, but with the application of high-throughput sequence, bioinformatics analysis and other new technical means, which will contribute to finding more new molecular targets and markers, effectively promoting the accurate clinical diagnosis and personalized treatment of the disease, and ultimately improving the prognosis of the disease.

Abstract:Primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) is a group of immune disorder caused by gene mutation. It is clinically manifested as recurrent and severe infections especially by specific pathogenic microorganism and often accompanied by auto-immune and high susceptibility to tumors. Cytoskeleton is a system of filaments or fibers that maintains cell shape, support cell’s movement and regulates multiple cellular functions, mainly composed of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate fibers. On the background of PID and taken Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) and DOCK8 deficiency disease as examples, we reviewed on the regulation of WAS protein, DOCK8 as cytoskeleton proteins in cellular immunity, humoral immunity, immune metabolism and their role in nuclear regulation. In addition, we also addressed currently unsolved scientific questions.

Abstract:Primary hyperaldosteronism (PA) accounts for 5%to 10%of all hypertensive patients. Screening is the first step of the diagnostic process of PA. Based on the latest evidences both at home and abroad, this manuscript puts forward the existing problems of screening and gives suggestions, in order to guide clinical work and improve the detection rate of PA.

Abstract:The formation and development of placenta has aroused general interest in the research of pregnancy-related diseases. With the development of emerging technologies, it provides greater possibilities for in-depth exploration of placental mysteries. In the future scientific research, more attention should be paid to the organic combination with emerging technologies, the joint application of multi-omics analysis, and the construction of biological sample libraries.

Abstract:Metabolic programming means that nutrition and other environmental factors can change the epigenetic characteristics of the organism during the embryonic period and key stages of the development and maturation of vital organs in humans and other mammals, thereby affecting the normal development and maturity of these organs. It makes corresponding changes in organ development, material metabolism, immune stress, etc., which will eventually lead to permanent changes in function and metabolism, and increase the susceptibility of many chronic diseases in adulthood. Because the unfavorable outcome of abnormal metabolic programming exists between two generations, and may form a vicious circle between "parents-offspring-parents". It seriously threatens the health of several generations and has become a major issue in the world. Health and economic burden. Our research team has been committed to breaking this vicious circle for many years. This article reviews the research progress made by the research team and aims to provide a new basis for controlling the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases from the source.

Abstract:Fetuin B, as a member of the cysteine protease inhibitors, was found to be a critical role in human metabolic disorders, inflammation, tumor and fertilization. The dysregulated of glucolipid metabolism is essentially associated with diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and other metabolic disorders. Recent studies have shown that a relationship between fetuin B and glucolipid metabolism, the aim of this review is to summarize the development of the studies, better elucidate the physiological role of fetuin B, as well as provide the new conceptions on prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of metabolic disorders.

Abstract:Diabetes can cause systemic damage to the body, resulting in a decline in immune function, which is prone to serious infection. Sepsis can be caused by host reaction disorder during infection, which is very dangerous, and patients often suffer from severe organ dysfunction or even death within a short period of time. With a sharp increase in the prevalence of diabetes worldwide, the number of patients with diabetes complicated with sepsis has also increased rapidly. Therefore, it is of great significance and urgency to increase the understanding of the correlation and influence between these two diseases for clinical treatment. This article reviews the progress of diabetes and sepsis in epidemiology, general outcome, systemic damage, and pathogenesis.

Abstract:Targeted delivery in vivo has always been a difficulty that clinical medicine is eager to overcome. Magnetically controlled micro/nano robots are favored by researchers because of their advantages, such as remote control of movement, unbound contact, accurate targeting ability and insensitivity to biological substances. Its application range involves targeted drug delivery, precision surgery, cell operation, disease diagnosis and treatment, etc., which has great potential in a variety of biomedical applications. In recent years, some progress has been made in the research of magnetically controlled micro/nano robots. This review focuses on the magnetism, maneuverability, biomedical application, visual tracking and biosafety of magnetically controlled micro/nano robots.

Abstract:Patients with advanced pancreatic cancer are often accompanied by moderate to severe pain, which greatly reduces the quality of life and even shortens the survival time. Early perineural invasion is the main cause of patients'%short survival time and moderate to severe pain. The involvement of various inflammatory cells in neurotumor microenvironment promotes the proliferation and migration of tumor cells to varying degrees, and then pain signal substances and pain channels in molecular pathways are multiply produced, resulting in severe pain in patients. With the further study of various signaling pathways, nerve growth factors and receptor pathways, chemokines, pain channels and non-coding mRNA are potential therapeutic targets. In this paper, the pain mechanism of pancreatic cancer is summarized, which provides reference for the subsequent research on the mechanism and development of therapeutic targets.

Abstract:Glaucoma, as the first irreversible blinding disease worldwide, severely impairs people’s vision health, but with unclear pathogenic mechanism. A large quantity of researches have demonstrated the close relation between myopia and glaucoma, especially open-angle glaucoma. Structures of high myopic eyes are mechanically stretched in axial elongation and lead to various pathophysiologic changes associated with glaucomatous damages, so as to cause the increased onset risk for glaucoma. This study retrospectively analyzed papers published in the past 10 years at home and abroad and reviewed structural and functional changes in myopic eyes and their relationship with the etiology of primary glaucoma.

Abstract:Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been widely used in clinic due to its high safety. The PDT process is highly oxygen-depended, however, hypoxia, as a characteristic of solid tumors, significantly neutralizes the PDT efficacy and limits its application in resisting solid tumors. In recent years, tremendous strategies have been devoted to overcoming the "fatal weakness", tumor hypoxia. In this paper, the latest progress of overcoming tumor hypoxia in enhancing the PDT efficacy are reviewed.

Abstract:Primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) is a group of inherited disorders that seriously affects children’s life and health, and causes a burden of families and the whole society. The main treatment strategy for PID in the past was replacement therapy or immune reconstruction by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In recent years, with the development of molecular biology, the pathogenesis of many cases of PID has been clarified. On this basis, precise and targeted therapy for defected molecules has been gradually carried out in clinical practice. The precise treatment of PID begins with the immunoglobulin G and enzyme replacement, and has been improved with the targeted small molecule inhibitors or biological macromolecules based on signal pathways. From the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to gene therapy or gene editing in terms of cure strategy, this treatment strategy has been changing a lot, which indicates that PID as a typical indication, is bringing breakthroughs in precision medicine.

Abstract:Objective:　To study the effect of non-thermal atmospheric plasma jet (NTAP) on the surface characters of lithium disilicate glass ceramics (LDC). Methods:　Prepared LDC specimens were randomly divided into 7 groups (n=9): the blank control group, the HF-etching group and the NTAP-treating groups with different treatment time (10 s, 20 s, 30 s, 40 s and 60 s). After different treatments, surface characters of specimens were analyzed by water contact angle test, X-ray diffraction analysis, atomic force microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Results:　Compared with the control group, specimens after HF-etching or NTAP-treating had some changes: the water contact angle values was dropped; the percent of oxygen atomic weight was significantly increased on the LDC surfaces; the oxygen/carbon ratio was increased, without obvious changes of phase transformation and without significant morphological change on the NTAP treated surfaces. Conclusion:　NTAP treatment can increase the hydrophilicity of LDC surfaces and increase the oxygen atomic weight on the surface, without phase transformation or significant morphology change of LDC surfaces.

Abstract:Objective:　To analysis the temporomandibular joint synovial fluid (SF) sample by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) method, so as to investigate its application value in diagnosis and differential diagnosis among temporomandibular joint diseases. Methods:　A total of 115 temporomandibular joint SF samples were collected, with 15 cases in the normal group, 32 cases of anterior disc displacement without renaturation (ADDWR), 41 cases of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA), and 27 cases of idiopathic condyle absorption (ICR). Dry films were made from SF samples and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to separate samples from groups. A partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) was used to establish predictive model and evaluate predictive ability. Results:　Based on the PCA results, TMJOA and ICR was able to be significantly distinguished from ADDWR and normal SF samples. Components in ADDWR and normal SF samples were similar. In PC1 loading, the main differentiated absorption peaks sited around 3 386 cm^-1, 2 943 cm^-1, 2 912 cm^-1, 1 682 cm^-1, 1 537 cm^-1and 1 468 cm^-1. Through partial least squares-discriminant analysis, a satisfactory prediction result was obtained. The internal cross-validation accuracy was 90%, and the external validation classification accuracy was 97%. Conclusion:　FTIR spectroscopy combined with appropriate stoichiometry has great potential for assisting the clinical diagnosis and differential diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disease.

Abstract:Objective:　To summarize the clinical characteristics, laboratory examinmation and gene of single or complicated methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) in our hospital by screening and follow-up from 2017 to now. Methods:　The clinical manifestations, biochemical features and treatment were collected and analyzed. C3, C3/C2, methylmalonic acid, homocysteine, blood ammonia lactate, blood analysis and gene nucleotide results in the initial tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) were analyzed. Results:　The most common clinical manifestations of MMA were feeding difficulty, weakness, seizure, hypoevolutism and so on. The longer interval from morbidity to treatment is, the poorer prognosis is. Laboratory findings showed that main laboratory examinations were hyperammonemia (6 cases, 42.9%), anemia (5 cases, 35.7%), granulocytopenia (7 cases, 50%), thrombocytopenia (5 cases, 35.7%) and high-level homocysteine (63.6%). All single MMA patients had hyperammonemia. Compared with combined MMA patients, the level of C3 and urinary methylmalonic acid were increased and C3/C2 was lower, without statistically significant difference. Missense mutations was the main mutation in gene nucleotide changes, followed by insertions/deletions and duplications. MRI/CT results of 12 patients showed that brain atrophy (7 cases), brain edema (4 cases) and delayed myelination (1 case); ultrasonic results of two patients showed slightly widened ventricles. Conclusion:　Patients’clinical manifestation and laboratory examination lack of specificity in methacrylic acid. Tandem mass spectrometry and urine organic acids can be used for initial diagnosis, and the gene should be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible.

Abstract:Objective:　To analyze the trend of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in Chongqing from 2010 to 2019, and to explore the diagnostic value of anti-HEV antibodies (IgM, IgG) in clinical hepatitis E (HE). Methods:　The data and clinical medical records of anti-HEV antibodies (IgM and IgG) collected from The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between 2010 and 2019 was analyzed retrospectively. The statistical differences in hepatic function index were analyzed among the single anti-HEV IgM positive group, the single anti-HEV IgG positive group, the anti-HEV IgM and IgG double positive group, and the control group, as well as the coincidence rate between positive anti-HEV antibody and clinical HE diagnosis was determined. Results:　The total positive rate of anti-HEV antibodies was 8.4% (IgM: 2.4%, IgG: 6.8%) during this period, indicating that HEV showed an upward trend year by year, and the positive rate of anti-HEV IgG was mainly cause with the lowest 1.7%in 2012 and the highest 12.4%in 2018, but the positive rate of anti-HEV IgM showed no upward trend with the lowest 1.2%in 2016 and the highest 4.2%in 2010. There was no statistical differences between HEV infection season and genders (P>0.05). The HEV infection rate of the people under 50 years old was increased with age (P<0.017), and the people more than 50 years old maintained at a high level. The diagnostic coincidence rate was as the highest as 96.3%of the double positive group, and as the lowest as 3.2%in the single anti-HEV IgG positive group (P<0.017). Conclusion:　The cases of HEV infection were increased annually, which mainly came from previous infections. The single anti-HEV IgG positive indicator has limited diagnostic value for HE infection. The clinical diagnosis of HE should be based on the combination of liver dysfunction with the anti-HEV double positive or a single anti-HEV IgM positive. Moreover, the detection of HEV RNA and HEV Ag should be considered for the further study of HEV infection.

Abstract:Objective:　To compare the efficacy and safety of two types of self-expanding metallic stent (the Micro-tech type and the Boston Scientific type) as a bridge to surgery in obstructive colorectal cancer retrospectively. Methods:　Data of 70 patients with obstructive colorectal cancer, in which 40 patients were in the group of Micro-tech type and 30 ones were in the group of Boston Scientific type respectively, were collected. All the patients were underwent stenting under colonoscopy from April 2015 to November 2019. The rates of complications, clinical remission, stenting success, and one-stage surgery were compared between the two groups. Results:　No significant differences were found between both stents in the rates of stenting and clinical remission success. The total stenting and clinical remission success rates were 95.7% (95%vs.96.7%, P=1.000) and 94.3% (92.5%vs.96.7%, P=0.824), respectively. The overall rate of complications was 7.14%. There was no significant difference (P=0.547) between the two groups, although a higher rate of complications was found in the group of Micro-tech type when compared with the group of Boston Scientific type (10%vs.3.33%). Regarding the one-stage surgery, the overall rate was 61.43%. The rate of one-stage surgery in Micro-tech type group was higher than the one in Boston Scientific type group (70%vs.50%), but there was no significant difference (P=0.089). Conclusion:　As a bridge to surgery, the placement of self-expanding metallic stent was safe and effective. There was no significant difference in short-term safety and efficacy between the two type of stents in our study.

Abstract:Objective:　To investigate the fasting blood-glucose (FBG) levels of middle-aged and elderly people in Chongqing, and analyze the risk factors related to impaired fasting glucose (IFG), so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control of diabetes. Methods:　The middle-aged and elderly people undergoing health examination in a tertiary Grade-A hospital in Chongqing from January to December in 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. FBG and related physiological and biochemical data were collected. The dose-response relationship between IFG and body mass index (BMI) was analyzed using Logistic regression model combined with restricted cubic splines (RCS). Results:　A total of 3 913 IFG cases were detected in 44 525 subjects, with a detection rate of 8.79%, of which the detection rate was 10.71%in males and 6.84%in females (P<0.001). The study subjects were divided into normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group and IFG group. The two groups had statistical differences in gender, age, BMI, waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), and uric acid (UA) (P<0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, the relationship between overweight group (OR=1.178, 95%CI=1.074-1.293) and obesity group (OR=1.350, 95%CI=1.157-1.574) and IFG was statistically significant. RCS analysis showed that there was a nonlinear dose-response relationship between the continuous changes of BMI and IFG in males, 40-years old and 50-years old. Conclusion:　Overweight and obesity are dose-dependent risk factors for IFG. As BMI increases, the risk of IFG increases.

Abstract:Objective:　To analyze the correlation between coagulation function and gestational age in early and middle-term premature infants, and to explore the risk factors and outcomes of abnormal coagulation in early postnatal period. Methods:　The blood coagulation test results within 24 hours after birth and clinical data of 496 premature infants cases were retrospectively analyzed. The coagulation function parameters of these preterm infants with different gestational ages were compared, and the risk factors of abnormal coagula tion function and the relationship with intracranial hemorrhage were analyzed. Results:　There were significant differences in activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen and D-dimer (DD) between the two groups of preterm infants in early coagulation function parameters (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that the incidence of birth weight, intrauterine distress, hypertensive disorders pregnancy, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), abnormal liver function and thrombocytopenia in preterm infants with abnormal coagulation function were higher than that in the normal group, with significant differences (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis found that male, intrauterine distress, PDA and thrombocytopenia were independent risk factors. Compared with the intracranial non-bleeding group, the bleeding group had a more prolonged prothrombin time (PT) (P<0.05), and the severe group had a higher DD (P<0.05) when compared with the non-bleeding group and the mild group. Conclusion:　The coagulation function of premature infants gradually matures with the increase of gestational age. Male, intrauterine distress, PDA and thrombocytopenia are risks factors of abnormal coagulation in preterm infants. PT prolongation may be related to the occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage, while DD is related to its severity.

Abstract:Objective:　To investigate the effects of dapagliflozin on insulin sensitivity and serum glypican-4 (GPC-4) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods:　Eighty patients with T2DM were treated with dapagliflozin for 12 weeks, and the changes of blood glucose, blood lipid, insulin sensitivity and serum GPC-4 level were observed by an ELISA kit. Forty healthy subjects were taken as normal glucose control (NGT). Results:　Serum GPC-4 levels were lower in T2DM (5.05±0.98) group than in NGT group (6.42±0.51) (P=0.000). Dapagliflozin increased serum GPC-4 levels in T2DM group (P=0.000), accompanied with decreases in blood glucose levels (P=0.000), HbA1c (P=0.000) and HOMA-IR (P=0.000). HbA1c (β=-0.608, P=0.000) and 1/HOMAIR (β=-2.566, P=0.003) were independent influencing factors of serum GPC-4 in T2DM patients. Elevation in serum GPC-4 levels were correlated positively with reduces in HbA1c (r=0.397, P=0.002), but no associations with decline in HOMA-IR (r=-0.062, P=0.539). Conclusion:　Dapagliflozin therapy can decrease blood glucose levels, improve insulin sensitivity and increase GPC-4 levels for T2DM patients, and its effects on the serum GPC-4 level may be correlated with glucose control, but have no association with insulin sensitivity improvement.

Abstract:Objective:　To summarize the characteristics of different subtypes of antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) and ASS complicated with rapidly progressive interstitial lung diseases (RP-ILD). Methods:　Clinical data of 78 patients with ASS were retrospectively analyzed, clinical manifestations and laboratory test results of different subtypes of ASS were compared, and clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome of ASS combined with RP-ILD were emphatically analyzed. Results:　A total of 78 ASS patients were divided into five groups: the anti-Jo-1 antibody positive group was 33 patients (42.3%), the anti-PL-7 positive group was 15 patients (19.2%), the anti-PL-12 positive group was 16 patients (20.5%), the anti-EJ positive group was 11 patients (14.1%) and anti-OJ positive group was 3 patients (3.8%). The incidence of ASS complicated with interstitial lung diseases (ILD) was 84.6%. Among ILD, RP-ILD was found in seven patients (9%), of which two were positive for anti-PL-12 antibody (12.5%), four were positive for anti-JO-1 antibody (12.1%), and one was positive for anti-PL-7 antibody (6.6%). Six of the seven RP-ILD patients had non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and one had usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). Six patients with NSIP in RP-ILD type were treated by methylprednisolone combined with cyclophosphamide, five of whom were relieved after treatment and one was lost to follow-up. One patient with UIP of RP-ILD type was passed away. Conclusion:　Among the clinical manifestations of ASS, the incidence of ASS with ILD is the highest. The incidence of RP-ILD is the highest in the anti-PL-12 positive group. NSIP main in the RP-ILD can be treated with glucocorticoid combined with immunosuppressive therapy.

Abstract:Objective:　To explore the characteristics of acquired fungal infections in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), and the value of CD4⁺and CD8⁺T cell immune function in the clinical evaluation of acquired fungal infections. Methods:　The fungus-positive patients admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine of The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2017 to December 2019 were included in the study. According to the diagnostic criteria, they were divided into fungal infection group (49 cases) and colonization group (37 cases). The acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ (APACHEⅡ) scores, days of ICU, whether there was complication of sepsis, deep venous catheterization, mechanical ventilation, the use of hormones and broad-spectrum antibiotics were recorded and analyzed. The patients’vital signs such as body temperature, respiratory rate and pulse rate, and the test values of T cells such as the percentage of CD4⁺T cells, CD8⁺T cells percentage and the ratio of CD4⁺/CD8⁺were collected from specimens within 48 h. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of infection and establish a prediction model, mean-while the predictive probability was obtained. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the above indicators and evaluate the diagnostic value of fungal infections. Results:　In the infection group, the APACHEⅡscore (P=0.045), the number of cases with sepsis (P=0.049), the number of mechanical ventilation cases (P=0.011), and the body temperature (P=0.049) were significantly higher than those in the colonization group. It is statistically significant (P<0.05). The other indicators were not statistically significant in evaluating the comparison of fungal infection and colonization (P>0.05). According to the subgroup analysis of different strains of the first culture results, it was found that there was no statistical difference in the T cell detection value among different groups (P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis was carried out to analyze the T cell detection values in the infection group and the colonization group and to establish a prediction model 1, and its prediction probability was analyzed (P=0.013); then the prediction probability (prediction model 2) of the number of patients complicated with sepsis and the T cell detection value was analyzed (P=0.024); the predicted probability of ICU duration, APACHEⅡscores, sepsis complication, deep venous catheterization, mechanical ventilation, use of hormones, use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and T cell detection values (prediction model 3) were analyzed (P=0.025). According to ROC curve analysis, the area under curve (AUC) of APACHEⅡscores was 0.577, body temperature (0.487), CD4⁺T cells (0.515), CD8⁺T cells (0.565) and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ratio (0.438). Prediction model 1 (AUC=0.611) and prediction model 2 (AUC=0.653) were of low value in evaluating the diagnosis of acquired fungal infections. Prediction model 3 (AUC=0.757) was of higher diagnostic value for evaluating acquired fungal infection. Conclusion:　Severe ICU patients with sepsis or mechanical ventilation are more susceptible to fungal infection; while patients with sepsis combined with the detection of CD4⁺T cells and CD8⁺T cells, it has a suggestive effect on the diagnosis of acquired fungal infection; and when patients with sepsis are admitted to the ICU and have risk factors of fungal infection such as invasive procedures, hormones and broad-spectrum antibiotics, they are more susceptible to fungal infections.

Abstract:

Abstract:Since 1988, string for original innovation and focusing on the national strategy of Healthy China, Zhibiao Wang and his team have steered to the core belief of "Diagnosis and treatments-Minimize harm to patients" and adhered to the integration of medicine and engineering, realizing American scholars’vision of in vivo treatment with extracorporeal focused ultrasound and making a series of significant breakthroughs of something out of nothing, including focused ultrasound-related basic research, technology research and development, equipment development, clinical application, standard/guideline/consensus formulation, talent training, and platform construction. Such breakthroughs have enabled China to keep leading the world in therapeutic ultrasound and form the prototype of the entire industry chain, exploring a development path that integrates higher education, research and development, manufacturing, and clinical applications of China’s original innovative medical equipment.

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract: